Contrast medium for near infrared diagnosis

Details Contrast medium for near infrared diagnosis Contrast medium for near infrared diagnosis

1998-04-09

2001-11-20

Jones, Dameron L. (Department: 1616)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

In vivo diagnosis or in vivo testing

Diagnostic or test agent produces in vivo fluorescence

C424S001110, C424S001650, C424S009100, C548S100000, C548S146000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06319488

ABSTRACT:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to colloidal systems charged with polymethine dyes, their use as a contrast medium in fluorescence and transillumination diagnostics in the near infrared spectral range, as well as methods for their production.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
As biological tissue has relatively high permeability for long-wave light in the range of 700 to 1000 nm, a diagnostician can therefore use a completely different method of tissue imaging in addition to advanced medical imaging techniques such as X-raying, magnetic resonance tomography, or ultrasonic diagnosis.
Tissue-specific information can be obtained both by detecting the non-absorbed portion of radiation by means of a transmission image, and by detecting fluorescence radiation emitted after exposing the tissue to light in the near infrared range.
The main problem with the use of near infrared radiation is the extraordinarily wide scattering of light, which yields only a rather blurred image of a clearly contoured object despite different photophysical properties of such an object and its environment. This problem intensifies the greater the distance from the surface and may be considered the major limiting factor of both transillumination and the detection of fluorescence radiation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Suitable fluorescent dyes that accumulate in diseased tissue (particularly in tumours) and display a specific absorption and emission behaviour may contribute towards enhancing the distinction of healthy from diseased tissue. The change in the irradiated (scattered) light caused by absorbtion of the dye, or fluorescence induced by exciting radiation, is detected and provides the actual tissue-specific information.
Until now, photosensitizers designed for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) (including porphyrins, chlorines, phthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines) have been used for localizing and visualizing tumours (Bonnett R.
New photosensitizers for the photodynamic therapy of tumours
. SPIE Vol. 2078, 1994). The classes of compounds listed here share the disadvantage that in the wavelength range of 600 to 1200 nm they are either not absorbing at all or to a very little extent only. The photosensitizing effect of these dyes is disturbing for purely diagnostic uses where no effects are desired. Furthermore, photostability of the dyes listed here often is quite low.
In contrast to this, the absorption and fluorescent behaviour of dyes from the class of polymethines is characterized by high absorption coefficients in the range between 700 and 1000 nm and a sufficient fluorescent quantum yield. The photosensitizing effect of polymethines can be neglected, and most of them are highly photostable.
A clear change in the pharmacokinetic properties of fluorescent dyes may be achieved by transforming them into colloidal systems. As a result, a tissue or organ-specific, or location-specific accumulation of the fluorescent dyes formulated in this way may be achieved.
Furthermore, the dyes must be strongly hydrophilic to be applied in an aqueous solution so that sufficient quantities of dye for imaging can be introduced into the body using a water solution.
It is known that the transformation of dyes into colloidal systems may increase the applicable dose.
It is an object of this invention to provide a contrast medium that accumulates to a considerable extent in the tissues to be examined and can be detected in said tissues using near infrared radiation.


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