Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Whole live micro-organism – cell – or virus containing
Patent
1994-07-11
1997-10-07
Housel, James C.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing
4242711, 424122, 43525233, 530350, A01N 6300, A01N 6500
Patent
active
056744846
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to a virus-free continuous cell line adapted for propagation of avian coccidia. More particularly, the invention relates to the use of the cell line for the production of vaccine antigens for prophylactic treatment of poultry against coccidiosis.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Coccidiosis is an enteric disease of domestic and wild livestock causing acute morbidity resulting in decreased growth and feed utilization. The avian coccidia (Genus Eimeria) are obligate intracellular protozoan parasites of the intestinal epithelium. These parasites have a monoxenous life cycle and exhibit a high degree of host-species and tissue specificity. For poultry, coccidial infection results in economic loss from stunting and skin discoloration. Overall, the combination of losses due to coccidiosis and prophylactic medication results in a cost to the Augustine, Animal Nutrition and Health, pp. 18-21 (August 1985)!.
Thousands of coccidian oocysts may be ingested at one time by a single host. Once ingested the parasites invade specific intestinal cells where they may undergo several rounds of asexual replication followed by gametogeny before millions of new parasites are shed in the litter to complete the life cycle. Different species of poultry suffer from infections caused by different coccidia species. The domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) can be infected by any of the coccidia Eimeria tenella, E. necatrix, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. acervulina and E. praecox. The following coccidia are implicated in infections of turkeys (Meleagris): Eimeria meloagrimitis, E. dispersa, E. meleagridis, E. gallopavonis, E. adenoides, E. innocua and E. subrotunda. Domestic ducks (Anas) suffer from infections caused by Tyzzeria perniciosa and also, it is believed, by Eimeria anatis which they can acquire from wild ducks (Anas platyrhyncos). Geese (Anser) can suffer from infections caused by Eimeria anseris, E. nocens and E. parvula, and in addition it is believed that domestic geese can acquire infections from Canada geese caused by Eimeria hermani, E. striata and E. fulva.
Immunity to coccidiosis is reported to be highly species-specific and a Coccidia", P. L. Long, ed., University Park Press, Baltimore, pp.328-372 (1982)!. Natural exposure to Eimerian oocysts elicits complete protective immunity; this response appears to result primarily from the development of intracellular parasite stages instead of extracellular sporozoites or Although a few oocysts may confer protection to subsequent challenge, this primary exposure impacts adversely on weight gain, feed utilization and skin pigment retention.
Current methods of control involve primarily chemotherapeutic treatment with anticoccidial drugs mixed into the feed. Effective compounds have included sulphonamides, quinolines and polyether ionophorous antibiotics (1982)!. These compounds appear to affect parasite development at different stages of their lifecycle. Over time, however, drug resistant strains of parasites have evolved, thus severely limiting a drug's Dis., 18:331 (1974); and H. D. Chapman, Vet. Parasit., 15:11-27 (1984)!.
Other less established control measures include the actual feeding of live oocysts from well characterized wild type or attenuated strains of several Labs! utilizes controlled numbers of specific species of chicken Eimeria Edgar, Research in Coccidiosis, McDougald et al, eds., University of Georgia, p. 617 (1986)!.
Another approach to the development of a live vaccine includes the administering of attenuated parasite strains. Selection for early oocyst development or precociousness results in strains having abbreviated Path., 15:629 (1986); Shirley et al, Res. Vet. Sci., 44:25 (1988); and European Patent No. 0256878-A2!. Serial passaging of Eimeria species in Comp. Path., 82:429 (1972); and Long, J. Comp. Path., 82:439 (1972)!.
Both attenuation practices have been used in combination with a "trickle al, "Research in Coccidiosis", McDougald et al, eds., University of Georgia, pp. 634-641 (1986)!. Alth
REFERENCES:
patent: 4639372 (1987-01-01), Murray et al.
patent: 4650676 (1987-03-01), Schenkel et al.
patent: 4710377 (1987-12-01), Schenkel et al.
patent: 4724145 (1988-02-01), Murray et al.
patent: 4753798 (1988-06-01), Kantor et al.
patent: 4874705 (1989-10-01), Andrews et al.
patent: 4935007 (1990-06-01), Bafundo et al.
patent: 5028694 (1991-07-01), Mewman, Jr. et al.
patent: 5187080 (1993-02-01), Andrews et al.
Speer et al, Infection & Imm., Mar. 1989, pp. 999-1001, vol. 57(3).
Schmatz, D.M., Advances in Cell Culture, vol. 5, 1987, pp. 241-266.
Danforth, H. D. et al, Avian Diseases, Vol. 30(1), 23 Jul. 1985, pp. 37-42.
Chamberland, S et al, P.S.E.B.M., 1991, vol. 197, pp. 150-157.
Chai, J Y et al, Kisaengchunghak Chapchi, Jun. 1989, vol. 27(2) pp. 87-100, abstract.
Gionti, E. et al, Cell Diff. and Dev. vol. 27 (1989) pp. 215-224, pp. 215-223.
Patton, 1965, Science 150:767-769, "Eimeria tenella: cultivation of the asexual stages in cultured animal cells."
Clare Robert A.
Lufburrow Patricia
Miller Timothy J.
Ginsburg Paul H.
Housel James C.
Koller Alan L.
Pfizer Inc.
Portner Ginny Allen
LandOfFree
Continuous cell line and vaccine against avian coccidia does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Continuous cell line and vaccine against avian coccidia, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Continuous cell line and vaccine against avian coccidia will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2354426