Multiplex communications – Pathfinding or routing – Switching a message which includes an address header
Reexamination Certificate
1998-10-05
2002-02-12
Ngo, Ricky (Department: 2664)
Multiplex communications
Pathfinding or routing
Switching a message which includes an address header
C370S401000, C713S154000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06347087
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates generally to network switching devices. More particularly, this invention relates to a method and means for forwarding or filtering data packets (frames) through a switching device based on the content of the frame.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A local area network (LAN) is a system for directly connecting multiple computers so that they can directly exchange information with each other. LANs are considered local because they are designed to connect computers over a small area, such as an office, a building, or a small campus. LANs are considered systems because they are made up of several components, such as cables, repeaters, switches, routers, network interfaces, nodes (e.g., computers), and communication protocols. Ethernet is one such protocol. Information is communicated through a LAN in frames transported within data packets. (“Frame” and “data packet,” while technically different, are often used interchangeably to describe data carrying the information.)
A LAN switch (or, more generally, a packet switch) is generally defined as a multi-port device that transfers data between its different ports based on the destination addresses and/or other information found in the individual packets it receives. Switches can be used to segment LANs, connect different LANs, or extend the collision diameter of LANs. Switches are of particular importance to Ethernet-based LANs because of their ability to increase network diameter. Additional background information on packet switches can be found in a number of references such as
Fast Ethernet
(1997) by L. Quinn et al.,
Computer Networks
(3rd Ed. 1996) by A.Tannenbaum, and
High-Speed Networking with LAN Switches
(1997) by G. Held, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Within a network routing/switching device there exists a path wherein individual frames received at an entry port are directed to pass through an address-lookup logic in order to forward the frames to their appropriate exit ports. Traditionally, this path is used to do routing or switching of frames based on the source and/or destination address field(s) present in the frame. An example is bridging a frame based on its destination MAC address. Another example is routing a frame based on its destination IP address.
It may be desirable, however, to route frames based in whole or in part on their content other than destination addresses, such as their data. To do so requires that the frame's contents be examined and evaluated. Prior approaches to content-based routing of frames, though, have been too slow and limited in scope.
An objective of the invention, therefore, is to provide an improved method and means for routing, switching or filtering frames based on information derived from the contents of some or various parts of the frame, not limited to destination addresses.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention, a method of processing frames received at a sending port of a switching device for communication to a destination port includes storing in the switching device an offset value and a comparator value, comparing information located at a position in a frame determined by the offset value with the comparator value to obtain a filter outcome; processing the frame with the outcome. Processing the frame may include communicating the frame to a destination port or setting the priority of the frame. The offset and comparator values may be part of a filter that also includes an anchor value from which the offset value is measured and a mask value that masks the frame information before comparison with the comparator value.
Where there are a multiple sets of offset and comparator values in the switching device, the method may include combining the outcomes to obtain a group outcome and using the group outcome to process the frame. Combining the outcomes may include logically combining their.
The method may also include merging the outcome with frame forwarding information from another source as a search engine and associated memory; and using the merged outcome to process the frame.
Apparatus in accordance with the invention practices these methods. Such apparatus includes components such as means for storing in the switching device an offset value and a comparator value, means for comparing information located at a position in a frame determined by the filter offset value with the comparator value; and means for processing the frame with the outcome.
These and other aspects, features, and advantages of the invention are described in an illustrative embodiment below in conjunction with the following drawings.
REFERENCES:
patent: 5473607 (1995-12-01), Hausman et al.
patent: 5608662 (1997-03-01), Large et al.
patent: 5951651 (1999-09-01), Lakshman et al.
patent: 5959976 (1999-09-01), Kuo
patent: 5999530 (1999-12-01), LeMaire et al.
patent: 6061368 (2000-05-01), Hitzelberger
patent: 6147976 (2000-11-01), Shand et al.
“Switching Basics,”High-Speed Networking with LAN Switches, by Gilbert Held, chapter 2, pp. 33-61 (1997).
“Frame Switching, Routing, and Protocols,”Fast Ethernet, by Liam B. Quinn and Richard G. Russell, chapter 7, pp. 109-147 (1997).
“Switched Ethernet and Fast Ethernet Standards,”Switched and Fast Ethernet:How It Works and How to Use It, by Robert Breyer and Sean Riley, chapter 3, pp. 41-78 (1995).
Bransky, Jonathan and Passmore, L. David, Layer 4 Switching, White Paper, published at http://www.decisys.com/Documents/WhitePapers/L4_switching (Sep. 1997).
Cathey James E.
Ganesh Jayansenan Sundara
Michels Timothy S.
Ngo Ricky
Packet Engines Incorporated
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