Refrigeration – Cryogenic treatment of gas or gas mixture – Liquefaction
Patent
1998-07-30
2000-10-10
Capossela, Ronald
Refrigeration
Cryogenic treatment of gas or gas mixture
Liquefaction
62 451, 62919, F25J 100
Patent
active
061289183
ABSTRACT:
A resilient container configured to receive a quantity of hyperpolarized noble gas includes a wall with at least two layers, a first layer with a surface which minimizes spin-relaxation and a first or second layer which is substantially impermeable to oxygen. The container is especially suitable for collecting and transporting .sup.3 He. The resilient container can be configured to directly deliver the hyperpolarized noble gas to a target interface by deflating or collapsing the inflated resilient container. Related collection and transporting methods include forming the wall of the container and collecting the hyperpolarized gas in a way which minimizes its exposure to de-polarizing impurities. Also, a container includes a quantity of polarized gas and extends the T.sub.1 life by configuring the wall of the container with a controlled thickness of the surface coating and overlays the interior with an exterior which is substantially impermeable to oxygen. In addition, an O-ring and seal is configured to minimize the depolarizing effect of the collection device. Also disclosed is a method for determining the gas solubility in an unknown polymer or liquid using the measured relaxation time of a hyperpolarized gas.
REFERENCES:
patent: 2413243 (1946-12-01), Neff
patent: 2889953 (1959-06-01), Morrison
patent: 2916058 (1959-12-01), Unthank
patent: 3050208 (1962-08-01), Irvine
patent: 3657363 (1972-04-01), Dorko
patent: 3748864 (1973-07-01), Lofredo et al.
patent: 3966781 (1976-06-01), Atkinson et al.
patent: 4080429 (1978-03-01), Koeppe et al.
patent: 4369048 (1983-01-01), Pence
patent: 4417909 (1983-11-01), Weltmer, Jr.
patent: 4586511 (1986-05-01), Clark, Jr.
patent: 4599462 (1986-07-01), Michl
patent: 4755201 (1988-07-01), Eschwey et al.
patent: 4914160 (1990-04-01), Azizian
patent: 4977749 (1990-12-01), Sercel
patent: 5007243 (1991-04-01), Yamaguchi et al.
patent: 5039500 (1991-08-01), Shino et al.
patent: 5161382 (1992-11-01), Missimer
patent: 5545396 (1996-08-01), Albert et al.
patent: 5612103 (1997-03-01), Driehuys et al.
patent: 5617860 (1997-04-01), Chupp et al.
patent: 5642625 (1997-07-01), Cates, Jr. et al.
Gregory et al., "Pore-structure determinations of silica aerogels by .sup.129 Xe NMR spectroscopy and imaging, " J. of Mag. Res., vol. 131, pp. 327-335 (1998).
Mansfeld et al., "The use of .sup.129 Xe NMR exchange spectroscopy for probing the microstructure of porous materials," Chem, Phys, Ltrs., vol. 213, No. 1,2, pp. 153-157.(Oct. 1, 1993.
Pasquier et al., ".sup.129 Xe NMR as a probe of the dynamics of gas confined in porus Vycor, " Mag. Res. Imaging, vol. 14, No. 7/8 pp.971-973 (1996).
PCT International Search Report, PCT International Application No. PCT/US99/13597, mailed Sep. 3, 2000.
De Schepper, "The HERMES .sup.3 He target," AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 421, No. 1, pp. 16-25 (Jan. 1998).
Pfeffer et al., ".sup.129 Xe Gas NMR Spectroscopy and Imaging with a Whole-Body Image" J. Mag. Res., Series A, 108, pp. 106-109 (1994).
Gao, J.H. et al., Magnetization and Diffusion Effects in NMR Imaging of Hyperpolarized Substances, Magn. Reson. Med., vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 153-158 (Jan. 1997).
Kaatz, P. et al., A comparison of molecular Hyperpolarizabilities from gas and liquid phase measurements; J. Chem. Phys. vol. 108, No. 3, pp. 849-856 (Jan. 15, 1998).
Kauczor, .U. et al., The helium-3 MRT of pulmonary ventilation; the initial clinical applications, Abstract, Rofo Forstchr Geb Rontgenstru Neuen Bildegeb Verfahr, vol. 166, No. 3 (Mar. 1997).
Kauczor, H. et al., MRI using hyperpolarizd noble gases, Abstract, Eur. Radiol., vol. 8, No. 5 (1998).
Nacher, P. J. et al., Recent results on hyperpolarized.sup.3 He-.sup.4 He liquid mixtures, vol. 46, Supp. Pt. S6, pp. 3025-3032 (1966).
Patyal et al., Longitudinal Relaxation and Diffusion Measurements Using Magnetic Resonance Signals from Laser-Hyperpolarized.sup.129 Xe Nuclei, J. Magn. Reson., vol. 126, pp. 58-65 (May 1977).
Song, Y. Q. et al., Effects of diffusion on magnetic resonance imaging of laser-polarized xenon gas, J. Chem. Phys., vol. 108, No. 15, pp. 6233-6239 (Apr. 15, 1998).
Albert et al., ".sup.129 Xe Relaxation Catalysis by Oxygen", Abstracts of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Society for Magnetic Resonance Medicine, (1992).
Albert et al., "Relaxation of .sup.129 Xe in Model Biological Systems: On Probing the Mechanism of General Anesthesia", Abstracts of the 11th Annual Meetings of the Society for Magnetic Resonance Medicine, (1992).
Becker et al., "Study Of Mechanical Compression Of Spin-Polarized .sup.3 He Gas", Nuclear Instruments And Methods In Physics Research, vol. A 346, pp. 45-51 (1994).
Bhaskar et al., "Efficiency of Spin Exchange between Rubidium Spins and .sup.129Xe Nuclei in a Gas", Physical Review Letters, vol. 49, pp. 25-28 (1982).
Cain et al., "Nuclear Spin Relation Mechanisms and Mobility of Gases in Polymers", 94 J. Phys. Chem. No. 5, pp. 2128-2135 (1990).
Cates et al., "Laser Production of Large Nuclear-Spin Polarization in Frozen Xenon", Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 65, No. 20, pp. 2591-2594 (1990).
Cates et al., "Rb-.sup.129 Xe spin-exchange rates due to binary and three-body collisions at High Xe pressures", Physical Review A, vol. 45, pp. 4631-4639 (1992).
Cummings et al., "Optical pumpings of Rb vapor using high-power GA.sub.1-x A.sub.x As diode laser arrays", Phys. Rev. A, vol. 51, No. 6, pp. 4842-4851 (1995).
Driehuys et al., "High-volume production of laser-polarized .sup.129 Xe", 69 App. Phys. Lett. (12), pp. 1668-1670 (1996).
Driehuys et al., "Surface Relaxation Mechanisms of Laser-Polarized .sup.129 Xe", 74 Phys. Rev. Lett., No. 24, pp. 4943-4946 (1995).
Freed, "Dynamic effects of pair correlation functions on spin relaxation by translational diffusion in liquids. II. Finite jumps and independent T.sub.1 processes", 68 J. Chem. Phys. vol. 9, pp. 4034-4037 (1978).
Gatzke et al., "Extraordinarily Slow Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Frozen Lazer-Polarized .sup.129 Xe", Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 70, No. 5, pp. 690-693 (1993).
Happer et al., "An Optical Pumping Primer", Hyperfine Interactions 38, pp. 435-470 (1987).
Heil et al., "Very long nuclear relaxation times of spin polarized helium 3 in metal coated cells", Physics Letters A 201, pp. 337-343 (1995).
Hunt et al., "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of .sup.129 Xe in Natural Xenon", 130 Phys Rev. . pp. 2302-2305 (1963).
Hwang et al., "Dynamic effects of pair correlation functions on spin relaxation by translational diffusion in liquids", 63 J. Chem. Phys. No. 9, pp. 4017-4025 (1975).
Laloe, F. et al., "Workshop on Polarized .sup.3 He Beams and Targets", AIP Conference Proceedings #131 (1984).
Middleton et al., "MR Imaging With Hyperpolarized .sup.3 He Gas", Magnetic Resonance In Medicine, vol. 33, pp. 271-275 (1995).
Middleton, "The Spin Structure of The Neutron Determined Using A Polarized .sup.3 He Target", Ph.D. Dissertation, Princeton University (1994).
Miller et al., "Xenon NMR: Chemical shifts of a general anesthetic common solvents, proteins, and membranes", Proc. of the Nat. Academy of Science (USA), vol. 78, No. 8, pp. 4946-4949 (1981).
Mugler et al., "MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Using Hyperpolarized .sup.129 Xe Gas: Preliminary Human Results", Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol. 37, pp. 809-815 (1997).
Newbury et al., "Gaseous .sup.3 He-.sup.3 He magnetic dipolar spin relaxation", 48 Phys. Rev. A., No. 6, pp. 4411-4420 (1993).
Pauly, Permeability and Diffusion Data, The Polymer Handbook VI/435-449.
Raftery et al., "NMR of optically pumped xenon thin films", Chem. Phys. Lett., vol. 191, pp. 385-390 (1992).
Reif, "Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics", McGraw-Hill, Ch. 12-14, pp. 461-493 (1965).
Saam et al., "Nuclear relaxation of .sup.3 He in the presence of O.sub.2 " Phys. Rev. A, 52, pp. 862-865 (1995).
Sauer et al., "Laser Polarized Liquid Xenon", Chem. Phys. Lett., vol. 277, pp. 153-158 (1997).
Schearer, Optical Pumping of Neon .sup.3 P.sub.2 Metastable Atoms, Phys Rev., 180:83 (1969).
Zeng et al., "Experimental determination of the rate constants for spin exchange between optically pumped K, Rb, and Cs atoms and .sup.129 Xe nuclei in alk
Cella Patrick A.
Deaton Daniel M.
Driehuys Bastiaan
Hasson Kenton C.
Zollinger David
Capossela Ronald
Medi--Physics, Inc.
LandOfFree
Containers for hyperpolarized gases and associated methods does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Containers for hyperpolarized gases and associated methods, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Containers for hyperpolarized gases and associated methods will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2248641