Hydraulic and earth engineering – Underground passageway – e.g. – tunnel – Lining
Patent
1986-11-18
1989-03-28
Reese, Randolph A.
Hydraulic and earth engineering
Underground passageway, e.g., tunnel
Lining
405124, 405126, 405134, 405135, 405151, 138155, 138159, 52250, E21D 1100, F16L 922, F16L 908
Patent
active
048158950
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to the construction of tunnels or pipes for use in civil engineering works, and more particularly to the construction of box culverts.
Box culverts are conventionally fabricated from reinforced concrete in the form of complete pipe sections, for example of rectangular form. Considerable expertise is involved in the casting of these sections, and the cast sections themselves are bulky and give rise to difficulties in transportation to the site and handling on the site.
According to the present invention there is provided a tunnel or pipe section comprising a plurality of building panels connected to form a closed figure, wherein each panel comprises a plurality of tubular connectors anchored within the panel and secured to connectors of the or each adjacent panel by securing means extending through apertured walls of the aligned connectors.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a front elevation of a tunnel or pipe section formed by several connected panels;
FIG. 2 shows, to an enlarged scale, a detail of a connection marked `2` in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows, to an enlarged scale, a detail of a connector marked `3` in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a side elevation of a resilient washer incorporated in the connections between adjacent panels shown in FIGS. 2 and 3;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary side elevation showing two abutting tunnel or pipe sections of the type shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 shows to an enlarged scale a detail of a connection marked `6` in FIG. 5, and formed by two connectors as shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is an elevation in the direction of arrow `A` in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary front elevation of a tunnel or pipe section similar to that of FIG. 1, but assembled by means of connectors differently arranged in the panels;
FIG. 9 shows, to an enlarged scale, a detail of a connection marked `9` in FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a front elevation of a tunnel or pipe section of circular form composed of curved building panels; and
FIG. 11 is a front elevation showing a tunnel or pipe section similar to that of FIG. 10, but with the building panels assembled by means of differently arranged connectors.
FIG. 1 shows a tunnel or pipe section of square or other rectangular form constituted by a base panel 50, two upright, opposed, side wall panels 52, and a roof panel 54, the panels each being of rectangular form and each preferably being of reinforced concrete. The adjacent panels in the section are connected by bolting together tubular connectors 56 of square or other rectangular section arranged with their longitudinal axis aligned in the length direction of the panel. The respective side walls of each connector 56 are provided with holes, slots, or other apertures to receive the end portion of anchoring means 57 by which the connector is anchored within the panel or to receive a bolt by which the adjacent connectors of adjacent panels are bolted together, the apertures being in the central portion of each respective side wall. The anchoring means 57 are preferably constituted by the threaded reinforcing rods of the panel which extend into the connector through the holes and which carry nuts to secure the connector. Alternatively, the anchoring means may comprise bolts welded or otherwise fixed to the reinforcing rods.
The connection between two adjacent panels in the tunnel or pipe section is shown in detail in FIG. 2, with the adjacent abutting faces of the two connectors being bolted together. Preferably, and as shown in FIG. 2, a resilient washer 138 is used in the bolted connection. Such a resilient washer is shown in FIG. 4 and comprises a laminate consisting of an annular body 140 of rubber, plastics or other resiliently compressible material, sandwiched between outer washers 142 of metal or plastics, the washers, when of metal, being galvanised or otherwise resistant to corrosion.
Reinforced concrete panels are often erected while the concrete is still in a green state, with the result that the p
REFERENCES:
patent: 1860533 (1932-05-01), Fredenhagen
Porteous Robert D.
Purssey Ronald
International Manufacturing Pty. Ltd.
Reese Randolph A.
Ricci John A.
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