Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus – product – and – Current producing cell – elements – subcombinations and... – Include electrolyte chemically specified and method
Patent
1997-04-18
1998-04-07
Diamond, Alan
Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and
Current producing cell, elements, subcombinations and...
Include electrolyte chemically specified and method
429188, 429217, 429212, 429218, 429213, 429219, 429223, 429224, 429228, 429249, 252 622, 5253262, 546257, 546258, 546261, 546263, 560121, 560125, 560 51, 560174, 560176, 568316, 568348, 568393, C07D21389, H01M 460
Patent
active
057362742
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is a 371 of PCT/JP95/02172 filed Oct. 20, 1995, published as WO96/12702 May 2, 1996.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a battery material having high electromotive force, high energy density and high environmental acceptability, being low in internal resistance in electric charging and discharging and being excellent in recoverability of the electromotive force. Further, the present invention relates particularly to a novel conjugated N-fluoropyridinium salt-containing polymer as a battery material; an active material for a positive electrode, an electrolyte or a battery material used both as the active material for the positive electrode and the electrolyte, which is made of the conjugated N-fluoropyridinium salt-containing polymer; a battery employing such an active material for the positive electrode, electrolyte or battery material used both as the active material for the positive electrode and the electrolyte; and a fluorinating agent.
BACKGROUND ART
Batteries are prerequisites as electric energy sources easily used for national livelihood or as important energy sources for highly developed apparatuses, and various kinds of batteries have been researched and developed depending on the required characteristics. Recently cordless electronic apparatuses have become widespread, and accordingly, batteries having a higher energy density are needed, and at the same time, batteries having good environmental acceptability are required from the viewpoint of global environmental conservation.
As batteries having a high energy density, those employing lithium or lithium ion on negative electrodes thereof are well-known. As practical active materials for the positive electrode for those batteries, there are known inorganic compounds such as heavy metal oxides such as manganese dioxide, cobalt dioxide, vanadium pentoxide, lithium manganese oxide and lithium cobalt oxide, and iodine, thionyl chloride and fluorinated graphite; and organic polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole and polythiophene. However, those inorganic compounds have various problems from the viewpoint of production of batteries because they are toxic compounds or heavy metals not preferable from the viewpoint of global environmental conservation and also because the fluorinated graphite has neither ionic conductivity nor electronic conductivity, the fluorinated graphite has a drawback that it is not used for a secondary battery. Further the above-mentioned organic polymers cannot be used, as they are, for materials for a positive electrode which have high energy (high electromotive force), and a doping process as an additional process and a charging process are required. For synthesis of a polymer as the material for the positive electrode, polymerization by electrolysis is used usually, but in such a polymerization method, the polymer is formed only on the electrode, which causes a big restriction on production of materials for the positive electrode for batteries.
JP-A-1785 17/1989 describes that linear poly(pyridine-2,5-diyl) can be used as an active material for batteries. However, like the above-mentioned conventional organic polymer materials, the linear poly(pyridine-2,5-diyl) cannot be used, as it is, for the active material for the positive electrode which has high electromotive force, and a separate doping step and charging step are needed.
As mentioned above, any of conventional active materials for the positive electrode which have high electromotive force and high energy have some drawbacks, and therefore, active materials for the positive electrode which are produced and handled easily and have high electromotive force, high energy density and high environmental acceptability are needed.
It was found that a N-fluoropE-idinium salt represented by the following formula: ##STR1## and a polymer containing a pendant N-fluoropyridinium salt and represented by the following formula: ##STR2## are excellent materials as the active material for the positive electrode (In the formulae, X.sup.- is a conjug
REFERENCES:
patent: 3804845 (1974-04-01), Moore
patent: 4996320 (1991-02-01), Umemoto et al.
patent: 5569778 (1996-10-01), Umemoto et al.
patent: 5573868 (1996-11-01), Umemoto et al.
J. Electrochem. Soc.: Electrochemical Science and Technology--Oct. 1975--"Rate Capability and Electrochemical Stability of Carbon Fluorine Compounds in Organic Electrolysis" by Herbert F. Hunger et al., (vol. 122, No. 10 Carbon Fluorine Compounds).
Adachi Kenji
Ishihara Sumi
Nagayoshi Masayuki
Tomizawa Ginjiro
Umemoto Teruo
Daikin Industries Ltd.
Diamond Alan
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