Compositions – Electrically conductive or emissive compositions – Elemental carbon containing
Patent
1990-01-11
1992-04-21
Barr, Josephine
Compositions
Electrically conductive or emissive compositions
Elemental carbon containing
252503, 252506, 252504, 252518, 252520, 252516, H01B 106
Patent
active
051065380
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to conductive polymer compositions comprising a particulate conductive filler which is distributed in an organic polymer.
2. Introduction to the Invention
Conductive compositions comprising a particulate conductive filler distributed in an organic polymer (this term being used herein to include polysiloxanes) are known. Such compositions are known as "conductive polymer compositions". Documents describing conductive polymer compositions and devices comprising them include U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,952,761, 2,978,665, 3,243,753, 3,351,882, 3,571,777, 3,591,526, 3,757,086, 3,793,716, 3,823,217, 3,858,144, 3,861,029, 3,950,604, 4,017,715, 4,072,848, 4,085,286, 4,117,312, 4,177,376, 4,177,446, 4,188,276, 4,237,441, 4,242,573, 4,246,468, 4,250,400, 4,252,692, 4,255,698, 4,271,350, 4,272,471, 4,304,987, 4,309,596, 4,309,597, 4,314,230, 4,314,231, 4,315,237, 4,317,027, 4,318,881, 4,327,351, 4,330,704, 4,334,351, 4,352,083, 4,361,799, 4,388,607, 4,398,084, 4,413,301, 4,425,397, 4,426,339, 4,426,633, 4,427,877, 4,435,639, 4,429,216, 4,442,139, 4,459,473, 4,470,898, 4,481,498, 4,476,450, 4,502,929, 4,514,620, 4,517,449, 4,529,866, 4,534,889, 4,545,926, 4,562,313, 4,570,055, 4,582,983, 4,591,700, 4,624,990, and 4,661,687; J. Applied Polymer Science 19, 813-815 (1975), Klason and Kubat; Polymer Engineering and Science 18, 649-653 (1978), Narkis et al; Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 51-32983, 51-32984, 57-228128, 60-115678 and 61-123665; German OLS No. 2,821,799; European Application No. 38,718; and copending commonly assigned U.S. Ser. Nos. 656,046 (Jacobs et al) now abandoned, published as European Application No. 63,440, 300,709 now abandoned and 423,589 both (Van Konynenburg et al) published as European Application No. 74,281, 832,562 (Masia et al), now abandoned in favor of a continuation application, Ser. No. 306,237, filed Feb. 7, 1989, 735,428 (Jensen et al) now U.S. Pat. No. 4,700,054, 780,524 (Batliwalla et al) now abandoned, 711,910 (Au et al.) now U.S. Pat. No. 4,724,417, 720,117 (Rosenzweig et al.) now U.S. Pat. No. 4,775,501, 720,118 (Soni et al.) published as European Application No. 157,759, 784,288 (Soni et al.) published as European Application 220,003, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,743,321, 787,218 (Matthiesen) now U.S. Pat. No. 4,689,475, 913,290 (Barma et al.) now abandoned in favor of a continuation application Ser. No. 302,103, filed Jan. 24, 1989 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,866,452, 024,738 (Cheng et al.) now abandoned in favor of a continuation-in-part application, Ser. No. 166,954, filed Mar. 11, 1988, 021,820 (Siden et al.) now abandoned, 061,353 (McMills), 064,354 (McMills) now abandoned in favor of a continuation application, Ser. No. 394,288, filed Aug. 15, 1989, Ser. Nos. 064,287 (Wasley et al.) and 061,259 (McMills et al.) now abandoned in favor of continuation-in-part applications Ser. No. 249,733, now abandoned, and Ser. No. 250,024, both filed Sep. 26, 1988. The disclosure of each of the patents, publications and applications referred to above is incorporated herein by reference.
Conductive polymer compositions can be used as current-carrying components, e.g. in heaters and circuit protection devices, as shielding or stress-grading components for high voltage cables and other high voltage electrical equipment, and as antistatic materials. They may exhibit what is known as PTC (positive temperature coefficient), ZTC (zero temperature coefficient) or NTC (negative temperature coefficient) behavior. The term "PTC behavior" is used in this specification to denote a composition which, in the operating temperature range, e.g. 0.degree. to 200.degree. C., has an R.sub.14 value of at least 2.5 or an R.sub.100 value of at least 10, preferably both, and which preferably has an R.sub.30 value of at least 6, where R.sub.14 is the ratio of the resistivities at the end and the beginning of the 14.degree. C. temperature range showing the greatest increase in resistivity, R.sub.100 is the ratio of the resistivities at the end and the beginning of t
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Barma Pradeep
Chan Chi-Ming
Kurjatko Eugen L.
Mohebban Manoochehr
Rosenzweig Nachum
Barr Josephine
Burkard Herbert G.
Gerstner Marquerite E.
Raychem Corporation
Richardson Timothy H. P.
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