Data processing: artificial intelligence – Machine learning – Genetic algorithm and genetic programming system
Reexamination Certificate
1998-04-23
2001-07-03
Chaki, Kakali (Department: 2762)
Data processing: artificial intelligence
Machine learning
Genetic algorithm and genetic programming system
C717S152000, C707S793000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06256618
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates generally to an architecture for operating a computer. More specifically, the invention relates to a method, an apparatus, and an article of manufacture for operating a computer, with applicability to a natural language search engine for electronic databases, a natural programming language, and a parser-free computer operating system.
Conventionally, computers are operated by inputting a request and having a parser parse the request to determine what is desired of the computer. The request is in an appropriate computer language, and the parser translates the request from the computer language to executable binary code using a set of parsing rules.
Computers are also conventionally operated by inputting information to the computer. For example, information can be conveyed by selecting an item from a menu, point-and-clicking on a button or an icon using a mouse, or entering text from a prompting question. When information is entered into a computer, the computer uses an external parser for understanding the input. For the above examples of conveying information to the computer, the parser is created using one or more computer programs using one or more appropriate computer languages.
One conventional approach to computer programming is object oriented computer programming. In object oriented programming, information within the computer is represented using an “object.” An object is a data structure that specifies an internal representation for the computer and properties thereof. To manipulate the objects, a parser parses a set of object oriented program instructions and adds, deletes, or changes objects according to the parsed object oriented program instructions.
By using such conventional approaches to operating a computer, several drawbacks arise. For instance, to instruct a computer to perform certain actions, one needs to be familiar with a computer programming language, which includes an in-depth knowledge of the external rules used to communicate with the computer in this language. Learning how to program a computer and learning how to formulate instructions in a computer language based on the language's external rules are complex tasks.
Moreover, with this conventional approach, an external parser is required to parse instructions in the computer programming language. Hence, before the computer can take any action, the instructions in the computer programming language must be translated into executable code for the computer. This requires both a parser and steps required to use the parser.
As a further disadvantage with this conventional approach, computer programming languages are conventionally not in a natural language, such as English, German, or French. Instead, conventional programming languages are a species unto themselves and are not useful for communicating between humans, but only between human and computer. Hence, to learn to communicate with a computer, one needs to learn a computer programming language.
In addition, to use conventional computer program languages, a user needs to adapt to the computer, and the computer does not dynamically change to understand the user. This is caused by the conventional approach of how a computer understands a request from a user.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to eliminate many of the inconveniences associated with the conventional operation of a computer.
Another object of the present invention is to eliminate the requirement of learning a computer programming language to operate a computer.
A further object of the invention is to permit operating a computer using a natural language.
A still further object of the present invention is to eliminate the use of an external parser in instructing a computer.
An additional object of the present invention is to eliminate the use of external rules for instructing a computer.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an approach for understanding information from a user using knowledge in the system.
An additional object of the present invention is to provide for storing knowledge in a computer to enable ease of understanding by the computer.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an approach for interpreting information conveyed by a user to a computer.
The above objects and advantages of the present invention are achieved by a method, an apparatus, and an article of manufacture for operating a computer using self-manipulating trees.
According to the invention, a computer architecture operates a computer using self-manipulating trees. A source is input and is matched to a self-manipulating tree using open-ended inviting to match identities to portions of the source. After activating the root node of the self-manipulating tree, the self-manipulating tree self-manipulates according to the instructions for self-manipulating contained in the identities pointed to by the nodes of the self-manipulating tree. The invention may be used as a natural language search engine for electronic data bases, a natural language programming language, a parser-free computer operating system, a computer problem solving system, and as an enhancement feature for general purpose computers and general purpose computer applications, such as a translator and a help engine.
The method comprises a method for operating a general purpose computer comprising: inputting a source; matching identities to the source using open-ended inviting to obtain a self-manipulating tree, wherein instructions for obtaining the self-manipulating tree are contained within the identities; and activating the self-manipulating tree to operate the computer.
The apparatus comprises a computer architecture comprising: a general purpose computer; and a computer-readable medium comprising a plurality of executable code, a plurality of self-manipulating trees, and a plurality of standard identities.
The apparatus further comprises an apparatus for accessing information from a network comprising: a general purpose computer connected to the network and having an input for receiving a source; and a computer-readable medium comprising a self-manipulating tree matched to the source, the self-manipulating tree being matched to identities using open-ended inviting, the self-manipulating tree being activated to access information from the network.
The article of manufacture comprises a computer-readable medium comprising: executable code; a self-manipulating tree; and a plurality of standard identities.
The article of manufacture further comprises a computer-readable medium comprising code segments for accessing information requested by a source input to a general purpose computer connected to a network, the code segments comprising: a self-manipulating tree matched to the source, the self-manipulating tree being matched to identities using open-ended inviting, the self-manipulating tree being activated to access information from the electronic data network.
For the present invention, the apparatus comprises a general purpose computer and code segments to control the general purpose computer, such as: software; instructions; computer programs; executable code; and any means for controlling a general purpose computer. In addition, the general purpose computer may include the ability to communicate with other general purpose computers.
For the present invention, the computer-readable medium embodying the computer program comprises code segments to control a general purpose computer. Examples of a “computer-readable medium” include: a magnetic hard disk; a floppy disk; an optical disk, such as a CD-rom or one using the DVD standard; a magnetic tape; a memory chip; a carrier wave used to carry electronic data, such as those used in transmitting and receiving electronic mail or in accessing a network, such as the Internet, a wide area network, or a local area network (“LAN”); and any device for storing data and readable by a general purpose computer.
A “general purpose computer” refers to a device having a processing unit, memory,
Spooner Christopher
Spooner Richard
Chaki Kakali
Dam Tuan Q.
Gluck Jeffrey W.
Gollin Michael A.
Venable
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