Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – Mixing of two or more solid polymers; mixing of solid...
Patent
1993-09-13
1996-08-06
Short, Patricia A.
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
Mixing of two or more solid polymers; mixing of solid...
525437, 525438, 525440, 525443, 528176, 528190, 528297, 528298, 528308, 5283086, 528288, C08L 6702
Patent
active
055434754
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application relates to compounds with liquid crystalline (LC)-like properties and polymeric vehicles for coatings binders which include such LC-like compounds. More particularly, this application relates to compounds with LC-like properties wherein parts or sections of the compounds lack structural segments previously regarded as mesogenic. The structural segments of the compounds of the invention, however, provide certain properties that are similar to mesophases, but surprisingly these structures have heretofore not been identified as mesogens.
BACKGROUND
The properties of liquid crystalline (LC)-polymers differ from those of amorphous or crystalline polymers in ways that often have commercial value. Heretofore, the term "mesomorphous" has been synonymous with "liquid crystalline". LC polymers are known to form mesophases having order intermediate between crystalline polymers and amorphous polymers. See Flory, P. J., Advances in Polymer Science, Liquid Crystal Polymers I; Springer-Verlag; New York (1984) Volume 59; Schwarz, J. Mackromol, Chem. Rapid Commun. (1986) 7, 21. Further, mesophases are well known to impart strength, toughness and thermal stability to plastics and fibers as described by Kwolek et al. in Macromolecules (1977) 10, 1390; and by Dobb et al., Advances in Polymer Science, Liquid Crystal Polymers II/III (1986) 255(4), 179. Very recently it has been recognized that polymeric networks made by cross-linking LC polymers and oligomers also have greatly enhanced properties.
Because of their inherent scientific interest and of their many actual and potential commercial applications, LC polymers have been extensively studied. Many published studies have focused on identifying and classifying the kinds of chemical structures that are associated with liquid crystallinity in polymers. These studies have led to formulation of a principle, which has been generally accepted: that liquid crystallinity in polymers is invariably associated with the presence of "mesogenic groups". Mesogenic groups are chemical structures within the polymer which are capable, in certain circumstances, of imparting liquid crystallinity. Lengthy review articles cataloging and classifying mesogenic groups have been written. Most commonly, mesogenic groups are chemical structures that contain a rigid sequence of at least two aromatic rings connected in the para position by a covalent bond or by rigid or semi-rigid chemical linkages. Optionally, one of the rigid aromatic rings may be naphthalenic rings linked at the 1,5- or 2,6- positions. Of several broad classes of mesogenic groups, the most common contains two or more 1,4-arylene (or, less commonly, 1,4-trans-cyclohexenyl) rings covalently connected by rigid or semi-rigid linkages which include but are not limited to ##STR1## and various mesogens described in Ober et al., Liquid Crystal Polymers with Flexible Spacers in the Main Chain, Advances in Polymer Science 59, 104 at 105-117 which is incorporated by reference herein.
Until recently the study of LC polymers as potential coatings binders has received little attention. Chen et al., J. Coat. Technol. 1988, Vol. 60 (756), p. 39 prepared alkyd resins with mesogenic poly p-hydroxybenzoic (PHBA) acid segments (a common LC monomer) pendant to the polymer backbone. Improved dry times and film properties were observed for the alkyds. Chen et al., J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1988, Vol. 36, p. 141 also prepared LC acrylic polymers with pendant poly PHBA groups that gave excellent lacquer and enamel properties. Wang et al., Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 1987, 56, 645, prepared oligoester diols which were end-capped with PHBA units. Cross-linked enamels were prepared that displayed excellent properties. Dimian et al., Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 1987, 56, 640, synthesized LC oligomer diols based on the mesogen 4,4'-terephthaloydioxydibenzoyl chloride. The LC diols were cross-linked to give enamels with excellent properties.
Japanese patents have claimed that PHBA enhances the properties of polyester powder coatings; Japanese Kokai 75/40, 62
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Dimian Adel F.
Du Cong
Jones Frank N.
Teng Ganghui
Wang Daozhang
North Dakota State University
Short Patricia A.
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