Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Carbohydrate doai
Reexamination Certificate
2005-12-28
2010-11-09
Lewis, Patrick T (Department: 1623)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Carbohydrate doai
C514S042000, C514S043000, C514S050000, C514S051000
Reexamination Certificate
active
07829548
ABSTRACT:
There is provided inter alia use of 2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-hydroxymethylcytidine or a prodrug or salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of HIV infection wherein the reverse transcriptase of the HIV bears at least one mutation that allows an obligate chain terminating nucleoside- or nucleotide phosphate to be excised from the nascent DNA strand by ATP- or pyrophosphate-mediated excision.
REFERENCES:
patent: 5473063 (1995-12-01), Classon
patent: 5612319 (1997-03-01), Oberg
patent: 391411 (1990-10-01), None
patent: WO 92/06102 (1992-04-01), None
patent: WO 95/32983 (1995-12-01), None
Balzarini et al. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses (2000), vol. 16, pp. 517-528.
Naeger, L.K, et al., Comparison of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor removal by the adenosine triphosphate-dependent chain-terminator removal mechanism, Antiviral Therapy, (2001), vol. 6, p. 39.
Ohrui, H., et al., Syntheses of 4'-C-Ethynyl-B-D-arabino- and 4'-C-Ethynyl-2'-deoxy-B-D-ribo-pentofuranosylpyrimidines and—purines and evaluation of their aniti-HIV activity, J. Med. Chem., (2000), vol. 43, pp. 4516-4525.
Parikh, U., et al., A multi-nucleoside resistance mutation of low but increasing frequency, Antiviral Therapy, (2003), vol. 8, p. S152.
Parikh, U., et al., A multi-nucleoside resistance mutation of increasing prevalence exhibits bi-directional phenotypic antagonism with TAM, Conf. Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect., (2004), Feb. 8-11;11th:Abstract No. 54.
Reardon, J.E., Human Immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase, J. Biol. Chem., (1993), vol. 268, pp. 8743-8751.
Roberts, J.D., et al., The accuracy of reverse transcriptase from HIV-1, Science, (1998), vol. 242, pp. 1171-1173.
Sarafianos, S.G., et al., Structures of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with pre- and post-translocation AZTMP-terminated DNA, EMBO J., (2002), vol. 21, pp. 6614-6624.
Sarafianos, S.G., et al., Trapping HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase before and after translocation on DNA, J. Biol. Chem., (2003), vol. 278, pp. 16280-16288.
Sarafianos, S.G., et al., Designing anit-AIDS drugs targeting the major mechanism of HIV-1 RT resistance to nucleoside analog drugs, Intl. J. Biochem. & Cell Biology, (2004), vol. 36, pp. 1706-1715.
Sluis-Cremer, N., et al., Molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), Cell. Mol. Life Sci., (2000), vol. 57, pp. 1408-1422.
St Clair, M.H., el al., Resistance to ddl and sensitivity to AZT induced by a mutating HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, Science, (1991), vol. 253, pp. 1557-1559.
Sturmer, M., et al., Correlation of phenotypic zidovudine resistance with mutational patters in the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., (2003), vol. 47, pp. 54-61.
Martin, J.L., et al., Mechanism of resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to 2',3'-dideoxyinosine, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, (1993), vol. 90, pp. 6135-6139.
Martinez-Picado, J., et al., HIV-1 drug resistance assays in clinical management, AIDS Clinical Care, (1998), vol. 10, pp. 81-88.
Gait, M.J., et al., Progress in anti-HIV structure-based design, Trends in Biotechnology, (1995), vol. 13, pp. 430-438.
Mas, A., et al., Role of a dipeptide insertion between codons 69 and 70 of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in the mechanism of AZT resistance, EMBO Jo., (2000), vol. 19, pp. 5752-5761.
Mauldin, S.C., et al., Synthesis and antiviral activity of prosrugs of the nucleoside 1-[2',3'-dideoxy-3'-C-(hydroxymethyl)-B-D-Erythropentofuranosyl] cytosine, Bioorg. Med Chem. Lett. (1998), vol. 6. pp. 577-585.
Melby, T., et al., Time to appearance of NRTI-associated mutation and response to subsequent therapy for patients on failing ABC/COM, (2001) 8thConf. Retroviruses & Opportunistic Infections, Chicago Feb. 4-8, 2001, Abstract 448.
Mellors, J.W., et al., Mutation in retroviral genes associated with drug resistance, Int Antiviral News, (1996), vol. 4, pp. 95-97.
Meyer, P.R., Effects of specific zidovudine resistance mutation and substrate structure on nucleotide-dependent primer unblocking by HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., (2002), vol. 46, pp. 1540-1545.
Meyer, P.R., et al., Effects of dipeptide insertions between codons 69 and 70 of HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase on primer unblocking, deoxynucleoside triphosphate inhibition, and DNA chain elongation, J Virol, (2003), vol. 77, pp. 3871-3877.
Miller, V., et al., Dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine in patients treated with zidovudine-lamivudine combination therapy, J Inf Dis, (1998), vol. 177, pp. 1521-1532.
Miller, V., et al., HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) genotype and susceptibility to RT inhibitors during abacavir monotherapy and combination therapy, AIDS, (2000), vol. 14, pp. 912-920.
Mitsuya, H., et al., Molecular targets for AIDS therapy, Science, (1990), vol. 249, pp. 1533-1544.
Montes, B., et al., Prevalence of the mutational pattern E55D/A and/or V118I in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene of HIV-1 in relation to the treatment with nucleoside analogue RT inhibitors, J Med Virol, (2002), vol. 66, pp. 299-303.
Jacobo-Molina, A., et al., Crystal structure of HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase complexed with double-stranded DNA at 3.0 A resolution shows bent DNA, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, (1993), vol. 90, pp. 6320-6324.
Kemp, S., et al., A novel polymorphism at codon 333 of HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase can facilitate dual resistance to zidovudine and L-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine, J Virol., (1998), vol. 72, pp. 5093-5098.
Kodama, E., et al., 4'-ethynyl nucleoside analogs, Antimicro. Agents Chemother., (2001), vol. 45, pp. 1539-1546.
Larder, B.A., et al., A family of insertion mutations between codons 67 and 70 of HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase confer multinucleoside analog resistance, Antimicro. Agents Chemother., (1999), vol. 43, pp. 1961-1967.
Lee, H., et al, Toxicity of nucleoside analogue used to treat AIDS and the selectivity of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase, Biochemistry, (2003), vol. 42, pp. 14711-14719.
Loveday, C., Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance, JAIDS, (2001), vol. 26, pp. S10-S24.
Marcelin, A., et al., Thymidine analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors resistance mutation profiles and association, J Med Virol, (2004), vol. 72, pp. 162-165.
Bottiger, D., et al., Prevention of SIVsmor HIV-2 infection in cynomolgus monkeys, AIDS, (1997), vol. 11, pp. 157-162.
Boyer, P.L., Effect of the 67 complex mutations in HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase on nucleoside analog excision, J Virology, (2004), vol. 78, pp. 9987-9997.
Chen, M.S., et al., Selective action of 4'-azidothymidine triphosphate on reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 and human DNA, Biochemistry, (1993), vol. 32, pp. 6002-6010.
Girouard, M., et al., Mutations E44D and V118I in the reverse trancriptase of HIV-1 play distinct mechanistic roles, J Biolog. Chem., (2003), vol. 278, pp. 34403-34410.
Imamichi, T., et al., Amino acid deletion at codon 67 and thr-to gly change and codon 69 of HIV-1 RT confer novel drug resistance profiles, J Virology, (2001), vol. 75, pp. 3988-3992.
Boyer, P.L., et al., Nucleoside analog resistance caused by insertions in the fingers of HIV-1 RT involves ATP-mediated excision, J Virology, (2002), vol. 76, pp. 9143-9151.
Larder, B.A., et al., Multiple mutations in HIV-1 RT confer high level resistance to zidovudine, Science, (1989), vol. 246, pp. 1155-1158.
Valer, L., et al., Predictors of selection of K65R: tenofovir use and lack of thymidine analogue mutations, AIDS, (2004), vol. 18, pp. 2094-2096.
Yahi, N., et al., Mutation patterns of the RT and protease genes in HIV type 1 infected patients undergoing combination therapy, J Clinical Microbio, (1998), vol. 37, pp. 4099-4106.
Office Action issued in Chinese Patent Application No. 200580048871.X - issued on Jul. 21, 2010.
Zhang Hong
Zhou Xiao-Xiong
Birch, Stewart, Kolasch and Birch LLP
Lewis Patrick T
Medivir AB
LandOfFree
Compounds useful in the treatment of HIV does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Compounds useful in the treatment of HIV, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Compounds useful in the treatment of HIV will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-4201081