Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Apparatus – Including condition or time responsive control means
Patent
1995-01-26
1997-12-02
Beisner, William H.
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Apparatus
Including condition or time responsive control means
4352901, 435818, 71 9, C05F 1702
Patent
active
056935285
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a composting unit having a ventilation system for closed rotting units for composting biogenic organic residues which permits a variable configuration of the flow parameters and flow guidance in order, as a result, to tailor the climate and ambient conditions in the stack or in the rot to the requirements of the microbial metabolism during the composting process.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the rotting of biogenic organic material mixtures under aerobic conditions, heat and metabolic gases are formed which must be lead off via ventilation systems. In the prior art, fresh air flows through the rotting mixture and the corresponding exhaust air is blown off. This method does not permit a defined influence to be brought to bear on the rotting processes, since oxygen is supplied in an uncontrolled manner with the fresh air supply and moisture and heat are discharged with the exhaust air. Gas gradients, moisture gradients and/or temperature gradients form, which, because of the interlinked parameters, are only suitable for describing the process.
Conventional ventilation systems have the disadvantage that important process aims are not achieved. Thus, discharge of water is desired, but at the same time heat is also removed with this in an uncontrolled way so that, on the one hand, desired moisture contents cannot be maintained and, on the other hand, important temperature prerequirements for the development of mesophilic and thermophilic microflora cannot be aimed at. Moreover, influencing the microbial metabolism by means of defined oxygen input must be dispensed with. The defects of the present process conduction are shown in the development of excessive temperature levels, the progressive dry stabilization of the material to be rotted and an unsatisfactory mass throughput. In addition, there is the discharge of odor substances and production of condensate which make additional treatment devices necessary. Known disadvantages for the product compost are derived therefrom, that is the unsatisfactory utilization of the growth potential of specific microflora, the poor reproducibility inevitably arising of the sought-after quality grades in the sense of quality directives for composts and hazardous formation of niches for harmful flora in composts and secondary products thereof. The risk of possible harmful effects in the diversified use cannot be calculated and is unreasonable against the background of product liability.
The composting unit mentioned at the outset is disclosed by DE-40 34 400 A1 and the corresponding WO 92 07807--GRABBE. To avoid repetitions, reference is expressly made herewith to this document. It describes a process for the biotechnological treatment of a residue mixture, preferably in the form of a stack, by a microbial conversion process in a closed system which is suitable, in particular, for the production of compost. Physical, chemical and biological process parameters are incorporated in the process management and are mutually tailored, for the purpose of optimizing the sanitation, odor destruction and stable humus formation of the residue mixture, to the microbial metabolism particularly required for this. For this purpose, the residue mixture is subjected to two different types of ventilation or a combination formed between these two types of ventilation. In the one type of ventilation, air is passed through the residue mixture. In contrast, in the second type of ventilation, the air is passed along above the residue mixture. The two types of ventilation, to build up desired temperature conditions, moisture conditions and/or oxygen/carbon dioxide ratios, in particular profiles, in the residue mixture, are matched to each other in such a way that variable mixing ratios between 0 and 100% can be formed from the circulating volumetric flow of air. The ventilation means are each blowers or fans, one blower conducting the air along above the residue mixture and a second blower blowing the air through t
REFERENCES:
patent: 4233266 (1980-11-01), Kummer
patent: 5116761 (1992-05-01), Groenenboom
patent: 5129935 (1992-07-01), Cerroni
Deutsch Andreas
Grabbe Klaus
Schaar Lothar
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