Compositions: coating or plastic – Materials or ingredients – Pigment – filler – or aggregate compositions – e.g. – stone,...
Reexamination Certificate
1995-06-21
2003-04-01
Wood, Elizabeth D. (Department: 1755)
Compositions: coating or plastic
Materials or ingredients
Pigment, filler, or aggregate compositions, e.g., stone,...
C106S472000, C106S482000, C106S499000, C106S505000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06540825
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention deals with preparing compositions as dispersions for use in aqueous and non-aqueous media.
2. Description of the Art
It is known that dispersions comprising a non-polar organic liquid, an alkaline earth metal salt of a fatty acid or substituted fatty acid, and a dispersant effective as a rheology modifier for imparting plastic flow to printing inks may be obtained. The foregoing disclosure is found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,386 issued Jun. 25, 1974 to Higgins et al. The Higgins et al patent further describes the dispersant as being characterized by having at least one acyl, acyloxy or acylimidoyl group wherein the dispersant is typically derived from a carboxylic acid having at least about 50 carbon atoms and at least one radical containing a nitrogen or oxygen atom connecting the acid-derived group to a hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radical.
Quinn, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,642,330 issued Feb. 10, 1987 describes dispersant salt compositions made by reacting a phosphorous-free carboxylic solubilizer with sulfonic acid-free organic acids or mineral acids. The carboxylic solubilizer is described as being made by the reaction of a polycarboxylic acid acylating agent having at least one hydrocarbon-based substituent of at least 8 to 500 carbon atoms with at least one poly(alkyleneamine). The dispersant salts have good thermal stability when mixed with a surfactant or hydrophilic organic solvent. The compositions are stated to be useful with aqueous solutions to disperse various fillers including carbon black, as well as to solubilize various fluids.
Forsberg, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,448,703 issued May 15, 1984 describes combinations of carboxylic solubilizers made by reacting an acylating agent with an N-(hydroxyl-substituted hydrocarbyl) amine and surfactants which are useful in incorporating oil-soluble, water-insoluble functional additives into aqueous systems. In particular, the Forsberg patent describes formulating into compositions anti-wear, extreme pressure and load-carrying agents such as dithiophosphates into a water-based hydraulic fluid.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,034,508 issued Jul. 28, 1991 to Shiga et al describes dispersants for non-aqueous systems and particular materials which can disperse insoluble fine powders in non-aqueous liquids in a short period of time and give long-term dispersions stability. The Shiga patent describes avoiding the formation of a so-called hard cake. The dispersant of Shiga consists essentially of a polyether compound derived from the class consisting of polyamine compounds having 5 to 300 active hydrogen atoms per molecule, polyalkylenimine compounds again having the same description of active hydrogen atoms, and derivatives thereof made by the addition of at least one ethylene or propylene oxide and at least one alpha-olefin oxide containing 4 to 30 carbon atoms. A variety of pigments and carbon black are discussed in the Shiga patent.
Similar disclosures to those found in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,448,703 are found in Forsberg's related U.S. Pat. No. 4,447,348 issued May 8, 1984.
Le Suer et al in U.S. Pat. No. 3,172,892 issued Mar. 9, 1965 describes various lubricating compositions for internal combustion engines. The Le Suer patent, in particular describes the reaction of substituted succinic acid or an anhydride with various amine containing compounds. The Le Suer '892 patent also discusses the reaction of a succinic group with an unsaturated or chlorinated containing compound to obtain substituted succinic structure.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,127,493 to Elliott issued Nov. 28, 1978 describes polyesters suitable for use as lubricant additives which are prepared by reacting a dicarboxylic acid or anhydride having a branched chain alkyl or alkenyl substituent having at least 30 carbon atoms with a second compound having a carbonyl, and amine structure.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,950,341 filed Apr. 13, 1976 to Okamoto et al describes oil-soluble ashless detergent dispersants comprising the reaction product obtained by reacting (a) an alkenyl dibasic acid or its anhydride having at least 40 carbon atoms in the alkenyl group with (b) an alcohol of the hindered type and then reacting the obtained intermediate with (c) an amine or its derivative or analogue. The compounds of Okamoto may also be borated or phosphosulfided.
South African application 92/8999 describes the production of ceramic compositions utilizing the reaction product of an alkanolamine and a hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acylating agent.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,071,487 to Linden et al issued Jan. 31, 1978 describes the water-dispersible salts of water-soluble amines of neutral esters of saturated fatty acids with an ethylene dicarboxylic acid and describes the materials as efficient agents for inhibiting deposition of pigment in pigmented aqueous lacquers. Similar disclosures are found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,167,420 and 4,167,421 both issued on Sep. 11, 1979.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,867,540 issued Jan. 6, 1959 to Harris describes increasing the wettability of carbon black. Various amine containing compounds are utilized by Harris to accomplish the wettability of the carbon black. Detrick et al in U.S. Pat. No. 2,305,379 issued Dec. 15, 1942 describes the preparation of phthalocyanine and vat dye pigment powders of improved strength and texture. Ammonium salts are utilized by Detrick et al in the aforementioned patent.
Hammond et al in U.S. Pat. No. 4,326,973 issued Apr. 27, 1992 describes quaternary ammonium succinimide salt compositions. The compositions of Hammond et al are described as being useful in lubricating oil compositions.
Wilson in U.S. Pat. No. 4,328,041 issued May 4, 1982 describes a composition obtained from a comminuted inorganic material and a substituted succinic anhydride compound. The comminuted inorganic materials discussed in the Wilson patent include metals, metal oxides, carbon black, sulfur, calcium carbonate, silica and clay.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,481,125 issued Nov. 6, 1984 to Holgado describes water-based hydraulic fluids comprising a polyether-based thickener, a lubricant modifier, a dispersant, an extreme pressure additive and water. The dispersants are the reaction product of an alkenyl succinic anhydride and a dialkyl alkanolamine. Whiteman in U.S. Pat. No. 4,505,832 issued Mar. 19, 1985 describes polyurea and lithium complex grease compositions with anti-fretting which comprised the reaction product of an alkenyl succinic acid or anhydride containing from 10 to 35 carbon atoms in the alkenyl group, further reacted with an alkanolamine.
Stansfield et al in U.S. Pat. No. 4,518,435 issued May 21, 1985 describes dispersing agents which are the salt of a tertiary amine containing at least one poly(lower alkyleneoxy) chain and an aromatic acid. The compositions of Stansfield et al are stated to be useful in the dispersion of an organic pigment, an organic dye stuff or carbon black in a polar organic solvent. Atkinson in U.S. Pat. No. 4,599,114 issued Jul. 8, 1986 describes the treatment of particulate titanium dioxide and other pigments with a surfactant compound. The surfactants described by Atkinson include the reaction product of a diamine, a carboxylic acid and a fatty acid. U.S. Pat. No. 4,741,780 also to Atkinson and issued May 3, 1988 contains similar disclosures to Atkinson's earlier patent.
Brand et al in U.S. Pat. No. 4,752,340 issued Jun. 21, 1988 describes titanium dioxide pigments characterized by improved gloss developing and disperability properties in surface coating vehicles and reduced tendencies to absorb moisture. The titanium dioxide particles have deposited thereon an amine salt of a polyprotic acid and an alkanolamine. Baker in U.S. Pat. No. 4,776,966 issued Oct. 11, 1988 describes drilling fluid compositions of the invert oil-based type which contain a blocked or graft copolymer and further include a C
30-500
hydrocarbon chain containing surfactant.
Doner in U.S. Pat. No. 4,784,784 issued Nov. 15, 1988 describes hydraulic fluids containing as dispersants the reaction products of di- or trisucci
Magyar James S.
Quinn Robert E.
Esposito Michael F.
Fischer Joseph P.
Laferty Samuel B.
The Lubrizol Corporation
Wood Elizabeth D.
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