Compositions – Electrolytes for electrical devices
Patent
1995-01-06
1996-03-05
McAvoy, Ellen M.
Compositions
Electrolytes for electrical devices
252 495, 252 52R, 72 42, C10M17300
Patent
active
054964792
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The subject of the present invention is compositions for aqueous machining fluids comprising at least one fatty substance and at least one cyclodextrin.
It is also targeted at aqueous machining fluids prepared using these compositions and the subject is likewise a method for processing workpieces using such fluids.
The two main functions sought for in a cutting fluid are to increase the lifetime of the tool by a lubricating power and by a cooling power and to contribute to the production of a good surface finish by an anti-weld ability.
Other qualities are also required of these fluids, such as protection of the machined workpieces and of the machine tool against corrosion, suitable processing and removal by simple methods, the absence of risks of irritation or toxicity for the user and the absence of an unpleasant smell.
There exist two types of machining fluids, moreover well described in the literature, neat machining fluids and aqueous machining fluids.
Neat machining fluids are anhydrous and mostly consist of fatty substances. They generally have excellent lubricating characteristics.
However, their use results in a number of disadvantages such as the emission of smoke at high temperature, the risk of inflammability, problems of dermatoses caused by their handling, the difficulty in recycling them and, finally, the very cost of these products.
These disadvantages have promoted the development of aqueous machining fluids.
The latter, by virtue of the high specific heat of the water which they contain, have a cooling capacity which is better than that of neat fluids.
They additionally have a sufficient lubricating power and a low cost.
Moreover, their tendency to cause developments of corrosion on worked workpieces and tools can be easily contained by the use of suitable anticorrosion agents.
Aqueous fluids are consequently preferred to neat fluids.
Aqueous fluids are divided into three categories: soluble fluids, semi-synthetic fluids and synthetic fluids.
Soluble or emulsifiable fluids are generally provided in the form of a milky emulsion.
Semi-synthetic fluids are provided in the form of a translucent microemulsion or pseudoemulsion which becomes opaque during use.
Finally, synthetic fluids are transparent solutions which, in contrast to the two preceding categories, do not contain inorganic oil or synthetic oil.
As regards the first two categories, their formulation requires the presence of emulsifying agents in order to obtain stable and efficient fluids.
The use of these emulsifying agents poses a significant problem during the reprocessing of these fluids. In fact, they resist the breaking of the emulsion, which is an essential stage in this recycling. Now, metal working produces an amount of waste which is among the most significant of those in industry, this waste moreover being among the most difficult to reprocess.
In addition, certain emulsifying agents commonly used represent a risk of irritation for the operator.
In order to limit frictions between the tool and the chip, to increase the lifetime of the tools and to contribute to improving the surface finish of machined workpieces, machining fluids, and in particular aqueous machining fluids, can have various additives added such as, for example, lubricity agents, anti-wear agents and/or extreme pressure agents.
More particularly, extreme pressure (hereinafter known as EP) additives have the role of reducing the risks of seizure between surfaces, under very severe friction conditions and at high temperatures, by the formation of a protective film which is steadily removed from the surfaces.
These EP compounds are most often organosulfur, organochlorine or organophosphorus chemical compounds and/or combinations of these compounds, chlorinated paraffins being the min EP additives used. Their use is, however, limited in practice by the risks of corrosion and toxicity which result from the formation of chlorine in the presence of water.
Moreover, the extreme pressure additives, whether they are chlorine-, sulfur-, or phosphorus-containing comp
REFERENCES:
patent: 3314884 (1967-04-01), Cover
Gosset Serge
Videau Didier
McAvoy Ellen M.
Roquette Freres
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