Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Biocides; animal or insect repellents or attractants
Reexamination Certificate
1998-05-29
2002-05-07
Levy, Neil S. (Department: 1616)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Biocides; animal or insect repellents or attractants
C424S405000, C435S262500, C435S821000, C504S117000, C504S118000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06383506
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to compositions for the treatment of natural bodies of water to control organic pollutants, algae, and/or weeds.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Products are available commercially for the treatment of natural bodies of water to control organic pollutants and/or algae therein. Such commercial products are usually based on copper sulfate, or other heavy metal salts, which in turn results in heavy metal contamination of the water.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Other than in the operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients or reaction conditions used herein are to be understood as modified in all instances by the term “about”.
Compositions have now been discovered that overcome the above drawbacks to the use of commercial water treatment compositions containing heavy metal compounds.
The compositions of the invention contain
A) an effective quantity of beneficial aerobic microorganisms,
B) an effective quantity of at least one water soluble colorant; and, optionally,
C) an effective quantity of growth accelerators for the component A) microorganisms.
Microorganisms that can be used as component A) can be any beneficial aerobic microbial organism or combination of organisms known to control algae, weeds, and/or organic pollutants, and which can survive and function in the aqueous medium provided by natural bodies of water. Such microorganisms include but are not limited to one or more of the following bacteria:
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus coagulans
Bacillus sphericus
Bacillus megaterium
Bacillus licheniformis
Bacillus thurirgensis
Bacillus steareothermophilus
Bacillus polymyxa
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus globigi
Bacillus halodurans
Bacillus azotofixans
Bacillus azotoformans
Azotobacter sp.
Pseudomonas flourescens
Pseudomonas aureofaciens
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Arthrobacter sp.
Flavobacterium sp.
Streptomyces sp.
In addition to bacteria, fungi and viruses can be also used, such as Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma sp and/or other beneficial filamentous fungi.
All of the above microorganisms are well known and are readily available from public depositories including ATCC and NRRL.
The component B) water colorants diminish or prevent the penetration of sunlight into the body of water, which in turn controls algae and weed growth by preventing or minimizing photosynthesis. In addition, depending on the colors selected, the colorants can also beautify the water.
The colorants that can be used in the compositions of the invention are water soluble dyes, pigments and other coloring agents that are essentially nontoxic to fish and other desireable aquatic life. Preferred colorants are food colors, preferably those that provide a blue, blue-green, or green color to the water.
Both synthetic and naturally derived colorants can be used herein.
Among the synthetic colorants, the most useful are the FD&C food colorants, including the following blue and green dyes:
Other such colorants include blue polymeric dyes, containing negatively charged solubilizing groups such as sulfonic acid groups, to impart water solubility to the polymers. Polyaminoethylene is a particularly useful polymer, having a high density of nucleophilic sites for the addition of numerous chromophores to give high color intensity per unit weight.
Other blue, green, and blue-green colorants can also be used, including other FD & C food colorants, and other colorants which have the requisite freedom from toxicity problems.
Colorants other than blue, green, or blue-green can also be used herein, although when used alone they may result in a somewhat less natural appearance to the water. However, such colorants can be used in combination with the blue, green, or blue-green colorants to provide desireable shade, tints, or hues. Such other colorants include the following:
The water colorants can also be naturally derived, including the anthocyanins, annatto colors, the betalaines, the carotenoids, cochineal, saffron, turmeric, and caramel coloring.
The anthocyanins are water soluble pigments which account for many of the red, pink, purple, and blue colors found in higher plants. However, the anthocyanins are not usually very stable, although grape anthocyanins do exhibit somewhat greater stability.
The annatto food colors are natural carotenoid colorants derived from the seeds of the tropical annatto tree, containing a highly colored resin consisting primarily of the carotenoid bixin. Annatto colors are available in water-soluble form, and range in color from yellow to orange.
The betalaines, sometimes referred to as beetroot pigments, are made up of two main groups, betacyanins (red colors) and betaxanthins (yellowish in color).
The carotenoids are tetraterpenoids consisting of eight isoprenoid residues. Hydrocarbon carotenoids are termed carotenes while oxygenated carotenoids are known as xanthophylls.
Cochineal is a red dyestuff consisting of the dried bodies of female cochineal insects.
Saffron dye is a deep orange dye obtained from the dried stigmas of saffron.
The components C) growth accelerators, which is an optional but preferred component, are organic and inorganic compounds that accelerate the growth and reproduction of the component A) microorganisms. Such growth accelerators include carbon sources such as dextrose, sucrose, molassess, and the like; combined carbon and nitrogen sources such as soy proteins, milk amino acids, yeast extracts, and the like; trace elements such as trace metals; and vitamins. In addition, some of the binders and other components used to prepare the finished solid compositions may also serve as growth accelerators for the component A) microorganisms.
When used herein, the term “natural bodies of water” includes outdoor bodies of water such as, ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, and brooks, whether naturally occurring or man made, but does not include treatment ponds and tanks for contaminated water from commercial operations such as chemical plants, sewage treatment facilities, and the like.
The relative quantities of components A) and C), when present in the compositions of the invention, are dependent in part on the quantity of microorganisms selected for component A). Preferably, component A) will consist of from 1×10
3
to 1×10
9
micro-organisms per gram of the solid form or liquid form composition and more preferably from 1×10
4
to 1×10
8
microorganisms per gram of the composition. Any quantity of component C) can be present that will effectively accelerate the growth of the microorganisms in component A) when the composition is added to a natural body of water.
The quantity of component B) in the compositions of the invention will be dependent on the particular colorant or combination of colorants selected for use, the quantity of water to be treated, and on the depth of color desired for the water.
By the term “effective quantity” used above with respect to components A) and B) is meant a quantity that will result in the elimination or reduction in the quantity of the target contaminant, i.e. algae, weeds, and/or organic pollutants. Algae and weeds are controlled by the combination of interference with photosythesis and by the pre-emptive digestion of their food sources such as nutrients containing phosphorous and/or nitrogen.
The organic pollutants that can be controlled by the solid compositions of the invention, which will also result in controlling weeds and algae, if present, include organic plant residues and toxic organic pollutants e.g. pesticides, hydrocarbons, and the like.
The compositions of the invention can be in either liquid or solid form.
Solid form compositions can be in the form of water-soluble small particulate form or in larger solid form composition. The larger solid form compositions can be made in any desired shape such as a golf ball shape, a brick shape, a donut shape, a cylinder, a square, a fish shape, a large golf tee, a large tablet, and the like.
The solid compositions of the invention are formed by combining the components i
Mehta Ashok J
Mehta Raj J
Talati Sunil
Levy Neil S.
Millson, Jr. Henry E.
Organica Inc.
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