Compositions and methods for removing pollutants from...

Plant husbandry – Process

Reexamination Certificate

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C800S298000, C210S602000, C210S682000, C075S710000, C075S711000, C075S712000

Reexamination Certificate

active

07069690

ABSTRACT:
Processes and materials for phytoremediating water-containing sites which have been contaminated with pollutants such as arsenic, phosphorous, or other metals. Fern plants can be used to accumulate pollutants from contaminated water-containing sites having an aqueous solution, waste water, ground water, surface water, combinations thereof, and combinations of water-containing sites with soils and/or sediments. The fern plants remove pollutants from the water-containing sites, and can be harvested and readily disposed of, or can be treated to recover the pollutant.

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Kramer, U., R.D. Smith, W.W. Wenzel, I. Raskin, and D.E. Salt(1997). “The Role of Metal Transport and Tolerance in Nickel Hyperaccumulation by Thlaspi geosingense Halacsy.”Plant Physiol.(115): 1641-1650.
Lasat, M. M., M. Fuhrmann, S. D. Ebbs, J. E. Cornish, and L. V. Kochian (1998). “Phytoremediation of a Radiocesium-Contaminated Soil: Evaluation of Cesium-137 Bioaccumulation in the Shoots of Three Plant Species.”Journal of Environmental Quality27: 165-169.
Ma. L.Q., F. Tan, and W.H. Harris. 1997. Concentration and distribution of 11 elements in Florida soils. J. Environ. Qual. 26: 769-775.
McGrath, S.P. (1998). Phytoextraction for Soil Remediation.Plants that Hyperaccumulate Heavy Metals. R.R. Brooks. New York, NY, CAB International: 261-287.
Porter, E.K. and P.J. Peterson (1977). Arsenic Tolerance in Grasses Growing on Mine Waste.Environ. Pollut. 14: 255-265.
Squibb, K.S. and B.A. Fowler (1983). The Toxicity of Arsenic and its Compounds.Biological and Environmental Effects of Arsenic. B.A. Fowler. Research Triangle Park, NC, Elsevier Science Publishers: 233-269.
Walsh, L.M. and D.R. Keeney (1975). Behavior and Phytotoxicity of Inorganic Arsenicals in Soils.Arsenical Pesticides. E. A. Woolson. Washington, D.C., ACS: 35-52.
Blayock et al., Enhanced Accumulation of PH in Indian Mustard by Soil-Applied Chelating Agents,Environ.Sci Technol. 1997, 31, p. 860-865.
Pickering et al., Reduction and Coordination of Arsenic in Indian Mutard,Plant Physiology, Apr. 2000, vol. 122, p. 1171-1177.
Noctor, et al., Glutathione: Biosynthesis, Metabolism and Relationship to Stress Tolerance Explored Transformed Plants,Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 49, No. 321, p. 623-647, Apr. 1998.
Ho, et al., Potential Use of a Roadside Fern (Pteris vittata) to Biomonitor Pb and Other Aerial Metal Deposition,Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1985) 35:430-438.
Bennett, F.A., E.K. Tyler, R.R. Brooks, P.E.H. Gregg, and R.B. Stewart (1998). Fertilisation of Hyperaccumulators to Enhance their Potential for Phytoremediation and Phytomining.Plants that Hyperaccumulate Heavy Metals. R. R. Brooks. New York, CAB International: 249-259.
Cullen, W.R. and K.J. Reimer (1989). “Arsenic Speciation in the Environment.”Chem. Rev.(89): 713-764.
Cunningham, S.D., J.R. Shann. D.E. Crowley, and T.A. Anderson (1997). Phytoremediation of Contaminated Water and Soil.Phytoremediation of Soil and Water Contaminants. E.L. Kruger, T.A. Anderson and J.R. Coats. Washington, DC, American Chemical Society 2-15.
Dix, M.E.,N.B. Klopfenstein, J.W. Zhang, S.W. Workman, and M.S. Kim (1997). Potential Use of Populus for Phytoremediation of Environmental Pollution in Riparian Zones.
Ebbs, S.D., M.M. Lasat, D.J. Brady, J. Cornish, R. Gordon,and L.V. Kochian (1997). “Phytoextraction of Cadmium and Zinc from a Contaminated Soil.”Journal of Environmental Quality26: 1424-1430.
Fowler, B.A. (1977). Toxicology of Environmental Arsenic.Toxicology of Trace Elements. R.A. Goyer and M.A. Mehlman. New York, NY,Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. 2: 79-122.
Grant, C. and A.J. Dobbs (1977), “The Growth and Metal Content of Plants Grown in Soil Contaminated by a Copper/Chrome/Arsenic Wood Preservative.”Environ. Pollut. 14:213-226.
Huang,J.W., M.J. Blaylock. Y. Kapulnik, and B.D. Ensley (

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