Plant protecting and regulating compositions – Plant growth regulating compositions – Plural active ingredients
Reexamination Certificate
1999-07-15
2001-05-22
Dees, Jose G. (Department: 1616)
Plant protecting and regulating compositions
Plant growth regulating compositions
Plural active ingredients
C504S127000, C504S128000, C504S129000, C504S130000, C504S133000, C504S134000, C504S135000, C504S138000, C504S149000, C504S194000, C504S212000, C504S213000, C504S214000, C504S247000, C504S271000, C504S304000, C504S305000, C504S326000, C504S339000, C504S340000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06235682
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to compositions comprising a herbicide, or combinations of herbicides, with or without a safener, and a repellent adjuvant, wherein the repellant adjuvant modifies the surface properties of the composition so that retention of the composition on foliage of the cultivated plant is reduced. In particular, the herbicide composition comprises a repellant adjuvant that is an aqueous solution of an an alkyltrialkoxysilane such as methyltrimethoxysilane and a water soluble silane coupling agent such as N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane or an aqueous solution of an organosiliconate such as sodium methyl siliconate.
2. Description of Related Art
Many herbicides will cause injury to certain crop plants when applied in amounts that are effective in controlling weed growth. The damage to crop plants can be particularly severe when the crop plant is in an early stage of development, which is precisely the time when control of weed growth is most important. For this reason many herbicides are unsuitable for controlling weeds when crop plants are at particular stages of growth. Therefore, the inability to control weed growth results in lower crop yield and reduced crop quality because the weeds compete with the crop plant for nutrients, light and water. In an attempt to broaden the usefulness of various herbicides, various herbicide compositions have been developed which contain compounds known as “safeners”, also referred to as “antidotes”, “protectants” or “antagonists.”
The concept of using safeners to enhance the tolerance of crops to herbicides was developed in the late 1940's and has led to the development of particular herbicidal compositions that have the ability to control weed growth but without adversely affecting the growth or yield of a particular crop plant. However, the identification of an antidote which safens a particular class of herbicide or mixture of herbicides is not a theoretical determination but must be determined empirically. This determination is performed by observing the complex interaction of many biological and chemical factors, including the type of herbicide, the weed species to be controlled, the crop plant to be protected from weed competition and herbicidal injury, the developmental stage of the crop plant, and the safening compound itself. Moreover, the safener and herbicide must possess physico-chemical properties which allow an environmentally acceptable and stable product to be prepared. Therefore, because the discovery of herbicide/safener compositions is so empirically based, the development of effective herbicide/safener combinations is an expensive and unpredictable undertaking.
Isoxaflutole, an isoxazole herbicide, is a new soil-applied herbicide for use in corn. Researchers have reported that isoxaflutole provides excellent preemergence control of several broadleaf and annual grass weed species at rates ranging from 53 g/ha to 158 g/ha in conventional tillage and no-tillage corn (Bhowmik and Prostak, Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. 36: 13 (1996); Curvey and Kapusta, North Central Weed Sci. Soc. 51: 57-58 (1996); Geier and Stahlman, North Central Weed Sci. Soc. 52: 81 (1997); Luscombe et al., Proc. North Central Weed Sci. Soc. 59: 57-58(1994); Mosier et al., Proc. North Central Weed Sci. Soc. 50: 74 (1995); Obermeier et al., Proc. North Central Weed Sci. Soc. 50: 25 (1995); Simkins et al., Proc. North central Weed Sci. Soc. 50: 25 (1995); Veilleux et al., North central Weed Sci. Soc. 50: 75 (1995); Vrabel et al., Proc. North Central Weed Sci. Soc. 24-25 (1995); Wrucke et al., Proc. North Central Weed Sci. Soc. 52: 17(1997); and Young et al., Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. 38: 8 (1998)). The mode of action of isoxaflutole is the competitive inhibition of the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase enzyme (EC 1.13.11.27) (Pallett et al., Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 62: 113-124 (1998); Viviani et al., Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 62: 125-134 (1998)). Inhibition of this enzyme disrupts carotenoid biosynthesis causing a bleaching symptomology in susceptible species similar to herbicides that disrupt carotenoid biosynthesis by targeting the phytoene desaturase enzyme (Luscombe and Pallet, Pestic. Outlook, 29-32 (1996); and Pallett et al., Pestic. Sci. 50: 83-84 (1997)). While isoxaflutole has been shown to be an effective herbicide for controlling weeds, isoxaflutole also has been shown to cause injury to corn and other crop plants, especially when applied postemergent. For an example, see U.S. Pat. No. 5,627,131 to Shribbs et al.
Therefore, there is a need for a method for applying a herbicide post-emergence to a wide variety of cultivated plants that does not depend on the identity of the herbicide or the use of a safener. Such a composition would not be injurious to the cultivated plant but would maintain its ability to control weeds. The present invention provides compositions and methods for their use that satisfy this need.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides compositions comprising a herbicide, or a combination of herbicides, with or without a safener, and a repellant adjuvant which modifies the surface properties of the composition so that retention of the composition on foliage of the cultivated plant is reduced. An important element of the composition is the repellant adjuvant. When the repellent adjuvant is mixed with the herbicide or combination of herbicides, with or without a safener, to form the composition of the present invention and applied to the plants with a sprayer, the emitted composition spray forms spherical particles which then bounce off the plant foliage. In this manner the repellent adjuvant prevents retention of the composition by the plant. Thus, herbicidal injury to the cultivated plant is reduced because the herbicide composition is directed to the soil. Therefore, the present invention is particularly useful when it comprises herbicides that exert their primary effects at the soil.
The present invention provides a composition for protecting cultivated plants comprising (a) at least one herbicide and (b) a repellent adjuvant for modifying the surface properties of the composition so that retention of the composition on foliage of the cultivated plant is reduced. The composition of the present invention further comprises compositions wherein the herbicide is selected from the group consisting of acetanilides, acetamides, acetolactate synthase inhibitors, isoxazoles, diketonitriles, triketonitriles dinitroanilines, triazines, substituted ureas, ethofumerates, isoxafen, oxodiazon, dithiopyr and combinations thereof. Further still, the composition of the present invention comprises a composition wherein the composition further comprises a safener. In particular embodiments of the present invention, the safener is selected from the group consisting of MON 4660, 2,2-dichloro-N,N-di-2-propenylacetamide, 3-dichloroacetyl-5-(2-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-oxazolidine, 2,2,5-trimethyl-N-dichloroacetyloxazolidine, 2,2-dimethyl-5-phenyl-N-dichloroacetyl oxazolidine, N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide, 2,2-dimethyl-5(2-furanyl)-N-dichloroacetyl oxazolidine, 2,2-dimethyl-5(2-thienyl)-N-dichloroacetyl oxazolidine, 2,2-spirocyclohexy-N-dichloroacetyl oxazolidine, 4-(dichloroacetyl)-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-2H-1,4-benoxazine, 3-[3-(dichloroacetyl)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxalidinyl]pyridine, 4-(dichloroacetyl)-1-oxa-4-azapiro-(4,5)-decane, 2,2-dichloro-1-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-isoquinolyl)ethanone, cis/trans-1,4-bis(dichloroacetyl)-2,5-dimethylpiperazine, N-(dichloroacetyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinaldine, 1,5-bis(dichloroacetyl)-1,5-diazacyclononane, 1-(dichloroacetyl)-1-azaspiro[4,4]nonane, and combinations thereof.
The present invention further provides a method for reducing injury to cultivated plants, by the herbicide, by applying as a spray at least one herbicide with or without a safener in a composition with the repellent adjuvant which modifies the surface properties of the composition so that retention of the composition
Burow Richard F.
Penner Donald
Sprague Christy L.
Board of Trustees operating Michigan State University
Dees Jos,e G.
McLeod Ian C.
Pryor Alton
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