Plant protecting and regulating compositions – Plant growth regulating compositions – Plural active ingredients
Patent
1996-09-20
1998-12-15
Robinson, Allen J.
Plant protecting and regulating compositions
Plant growth regulating compositions
Plural active ingredients
504348, 504353, 514690, 514729, A01N 3100, A01N 3500
Patent
active
058496645
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is a 371 of PCT/NL94/00240, filed Oct. 3, 1994.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a composition which is suitable for inhibiting potato sprouting and/or fungoid growth, and to the use of that composition in controlling patato sprouting and/or fungoid growth in potatoes.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Potato sprouting, also referred to as shooting, poses a problem in the storage of potatoes. In fact, sprouting leads to potato quality loss because it results in loss of weight, the turgor of the potatoes lessens (the potatoes become softer) and toxic products may be formed in the sprouts.
Sprouting can be inhibited by storing the potatoes at a temperature of 2.degree. C., but at such a low temperature reducing sugars are formed which give a brown color to the potatoes when (deep)fried and cause them to taste sweet. For this reason the potatoes are typically stored at a temperature between 5.degree. and 8.degree. C. At such a temperature the problem of the formation of reducing sugars is absent or considerably smaller, but sprouting upon prolonged storage is not entirely avoided.
Therefore, sprouting inhibitors are necessary to maintain potato quality during storage, both in potatoes intended for direct consumption and in potatoes to be processed into potato products. Such sprouting inhibitors are used to inhibit sprouting over prolonged storage periods at lower temperatures, i.e. below 10.degree. C.
Chemical sprouting inhibitors have been utilized with success for over two decades to prevent sprouting or shooting during the storage of potatoes. Propham (IPC) and chlorpropham (CIPC), which were originally developed as herbicides, are utilized as sprout inhibitors on a large scale in Europe, while in America maleic acid anhydride is used as well. In England, tecnazene is still being used as a sprout inhibitor.
These last two inhibitors are probably going to be forbidden in the near future. Nor is the future of IPC and CIPC certain, since there is a tendency to lower the maximum residue level (MRL) of such compounds on potatoes. Also, the market for untreated potatoes (i.e. potatoes not treated with chemicals) is rapidly expanding.
Accordingly, there is a need for alternatives to these sprout inhibitors.
Replacement sprout inbibitors must satisfy the following requirements:
they must preferably be effective at a low dose and easy to use;
they must preferably be of vegetable origin, non-toxic, colorless, tasteless and odorless;
they must not affect the properties of the potatoes or their processability; and
they must be acceptable in connection with the regulations applicable to such products.
Products which satisfy these requirements have been known to date. A number of monoterpenes from plants show interesting possibilities as alternative sprout inhibitors. One of these compounds is carvone, which compound is present in the essential oil of the seeds of the caraway plant (Carum carvi). This compound is also of interest because it is registered as a food additive and has the so-called "GRAS" status (Generally Recognized As Safe). Moreover, it is possible to grow caraway on a commercial scale. This is already happening on a large scale in various countries both inside and outside Europe.
Caraway seed contains approximately 3 to 5% essential oil. Approximately one-half thereof consists of D-carvone, the other half is D-limonene, in addition to a few percent of other isoprenoids. D-limonene does not have sufficient influence on sprouting and can be removed through fractionated distillation, so that a D-carvone enriched (90-95%) caraway oil is obtained.
D-carvone further occurs in the essential oil of dill seed. L-carvone, which is also active, occurs in the essential oil of citrus and some varieties of mint.
The sprouting inhibitory activity of carvone has long been known. J.Sci.Fd Agric., vol. 20, March 1969 already describes the sprouting inhibiting activity of carvone in potatoes.
Beveridge et al., Potato Res. 24 (1981), pp. 61-76, compared the sprout inhibitory effect of carvo
REFERENCES:
patent: 5139562 (1992-08-01), Vaughn et al.
Meigh, J. Sci. Fd. Agric., 1969, vol. 20, Mar. pp. 159-164.
Diepenhorst Pieter
Hartmans Klaasje Jannie
van Kleef Franciscus Johannes
B.V. Chemische Pharmaceutische Industrie "Luxan"
Robinson Allen J.
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