Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Ester doai
Reexamination Certificate
2000-04-27
2001-11-06
Weddington, Kevin E. (Department: 1614)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Ester doai
C514S547000, C514S558000, C514S560000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06313167
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a composition having a capability of removing a risk factor during exercise, which can be utilized in the field of foods, prophylaxis, and medical care. This invention also relates to a food for persons with a normal healthy body, such as sport enthusiasts, persons who want to do sports, and persons who aim to improve stamina. In addition this invention relates to a nutritious food for improving exercise capacity, which can enhance the aerobic capacity and is effective as auxiliary means for improving the athletic capability in long-distance running.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
People are encouraged to do exercise because exercise may make metabolism proceed smoothly to remove a risk factor for adult diseases. A considerable number of medical reports have been published on the effect of exercise as a means for rehabilitation of patients of myocardial infarction. On the other hand, various diseases and complications resulted from doing sports are problems in sports medicine, including ‘athletic anemia’ and ‘sudden death’.
Causes of athletic anemia may include insufficient red blood cell production due to accelerated protein metabolism during exercise and/or insufficient iron intake, hemolysis by chemical substances such as lactic acid produced during exercise, and hemolysis by physical actions such as impulse during exercise.
Many of the cases of sudden death have chronic underlying diseases, though some of the cases seem morphologically to have no underlying disease where definite diagnosis is often very difficult. Many cases of sudden death during sports have been reported; sudden death occurs most frequently during running sports such as running, jogging, and marathon, and frequently during playing basketball, baseball, and swimming.
Cases of sudden death may be classified into two groups; one group with latent organic underlying diseases, and one group with mild organic underlying diseases or without remarkable organic change. Cases of the former group rarely become problematic because they have subjective symptoms and some of them are under medical treatment. However cases of the latter group may become problematic and may frequently give rise to public discussion because they have no subjective symptoms, are judged to have no abnormality in medical examination, but die suddenly as a result of action such as doing sports. Cases of acute heart failure of unknown cause in the young (so-called a disease causing sudden death) belong to the latter group, and frequently give rise to public discussion in relation with the excessive exercise or rigorous training.
The nature of acute heart failure in the young still remains unknown and there are various views on the nature. Generally a seemingly healthy and robust young man (Acute heart failure occurs mostly in men.) falls down abruptly with a groan to die suddenly. Autopsy of such a man reveals mild cardiac hypertrophy accompanying enlargement of the heart, thinning and narrowing of vessels including coronary artery and aorta, and other findings, though arteriosclerosis is rarely found. The possibility that sudden death may follow arrythmia during or after exercise should be taken into account.
It has been clarified that EPA and DHA have physiological actions including decrease of neutral lipid and total cholesterol in blood, increase of HDL cholesterol, reduction of platelet aggregation, reduction of blood viscosity, and elevation of fragility of red blood cells. These actions make blood flow fluently and aggregate with difficulty. DHA, being rich in the tissue of the brain cell membrane, has been expected to have some influence on the function related to the nerve tissue, such as learning function, and is being studied actively.
Sawaki et al.(Juntendo University) noticed that the Norwegian athletes who obtained good results in the Lillehammer Winter Olympic Game had taken DHA and EPA as auxiliary nutritious foods, and studied the influence of intake of DHA and EPA on the training effect in the track and field athletes. The study showed that there is a great difference between those who took DHA/EPA and those who did not, and it was assumed that intake of DHA/EPA may enhance the oxygen-transporting ability to capillaries.
Studies on the influence of such fatty acids on exercise capacity will be made more actively in future, and development of practical techniques supported by the results of studies is awaited. The relationship between the reduced fragility of red blood cells and hardened membrane of red blood cells has been reported in several diseases, and increased fluidity of the red blood cell membrane may make red blood cells fragile. Based on these findings, agents to remove risk factors during exercise are being expected to be developed in the field of prophylaxis and medical care.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The purpose of this invention is to provide a health food for preventing athletic anemia, a health food for preventing risks during exercise such as sudden death, and a composition capable of removing a risk factor during exercise which can be utilized in the field of preventive pharmaceuticals. Another purpose of this invention is to provide a composition capable of removing a risk factor during exercise for healthy persons, such as professionals of sports, sport players or athletes, sport enthusiasts, persons who want to do sports, and persons who aim to improve stamina, in the form of a food for sports or a pharmaceutical composition.
An additional purpose of this invention is to provide a food which can improve exercise capacity for healthy persons such as sports enthusiasts, persons who want to do sports, and persons who aim to improve stamina. A further additional purpose of this invention is to provide a nutritious food for improving exercise capacity which can enhance the aerobic capacity and is effective as auxiliary means for improving the athletic capability in long-distance running.
It has been proposed that the change in blood rheology during exercise may be a cause of sudden death.
The inventors built up a working hypothesis “seafood may improve the blood viscosity”, and conducted an epidemiological study in fishermen with much intake of fish meat and farmers whose fish meat intake is less than that of fishermen, and fundamental and clinical studies of fish oil concentrates and highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (EPA.EE). The inventors found already that EPA, an ingredient of fish oil, can improve blood viscosity.
Since then the inventors have studied the action mechanism of EPA in red blood cell membrane from the hemorheological viewpoint.
The inventors first found that an n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid not only influences hemorheology under normal conditions but also suppresses undesirable changes in hemorheology due to exercise, making it possible to provide a health food and a preventive pharmaceutical for preventing risks during exercise such as sudden death.
The gist of this invention is a composition capable of removing a risk factor during exercise characterized in that it contains an n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid as an active ingredient. Said capability of removing a risk factor is the capability of preventing athletic anemia, and therefore the gist of this invention is a composition having capability of preventing athletic anemia characterized in that it contains an n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid as an active ingredient. Said n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid is an n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid and/or a derivative thereof. Said n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid is eicosapentaenoic acid and/or docosahexaenoic acid. Said n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid is preferably in the form of a natural triglyceride such as that in fish oil. The composition of this invention having the capability of removing a risk factor during exercise is suitable for a food composition, particularly a food for sports. The composition of this invention can be used also as a pharmaceutical composition, where the derivative of n-3 highly unsatura
Murakami Tetsuya
Nakajima Shuji
Sekiguchi Yoichi
Armstrong Westerman Hattori McLeland & Naughton LLP
Nippon Suisan Kaisha Ltd.
Weddington Kevin E.
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