Compositions: coating or plastic – Coating or plastic compositions – Carbohydrate or derivative containing
Patent
1994-09-13
1997-01-14
Brunsman, David
Compositions: coating or plastic
Coating or plastic compositions
Carbohydrate or derivative containing
10617042, 10617044, 10617046, C09D10110, C08L 110
Patent
active
055934870
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This is a 371 of PCT/CH94/00017, filed 26 Jan. 1994.
The present invention relates to compositions for obtaining cellulose fibers or films as well as to the processes of obtaining these fibers and films, and the cellulose fibers themselves.
The production of viscose and rayon has been known for a very long time. The process for obtaining these fibers is a wet process, which has extensive pollution characteristics.
Various processes have been described in order to try to avoid these drawbacks, they being summarized below.
It has been proposed to dissolve the cellulose directly in N-oxide tertiary amines, particularly the N-oxide of N-methylmorpholine, as described, for instance, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,416,698, and DD 298 653. These solvents have the characteristic of easily decomposing, producing peroxides which may lead to explosions and cause the degradation of the cellulose.
It is known to prepare cellulose fibers by dissolving cellulose in a mixture of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and LiCl, as described, for instance, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,302,252 and in EP-A-178 293, but this process requires a prior activating of the cellulose and does not make it possible to obtain fibers having mechanical properties which are as good as those of rayon.
Japanese Patent Applications JP-A-60-199 912 and JP-A-60-209 006 describe the production of fibers by using cellulose solutions in organic solvents containing halogenated tetra-alkylammonium compounds. This process does not make it possible to exceed a concentration of 6% by weight of dissolved cellulose, which greatly limits the mechanical properties of the fibers obtained, in particular for industrial applications.
Application WO-A-85/05115 describes the production of cellulose formate fibers from anisotropic solutions of cellulose formate in formic acid and phosphoric acid, which fibers can be regenerated. The process for the obtaining of these fibers is a non-polluting process, and the regenerated cellulose fibers obtained in this manner are characterized by very high mechanical properties; in particular, the initial modulus and the tenacity have high values. However, the fibers obtained in this way are of a very ordered structure, which reflects the anisotropic character of the starting solutions and makes them unsuitable for textile use.
The object of the present invention is to overcome these drawbacks, or limit them, by providing a composition capable of giving fibers or films, a process for the obtaining of fibers or films of regenerated cellulose, and a regenerated cellulose fiber.
The composition in accordance with the invention, which is capable of giving fibers or films, and has a base of cellulose formate, is characterized by the following points: least 8% by weight; than 20%; the group consisting of alkylsulfoxides, lactams, acyclic amides, and cyclic derivatives of urea.
These compounds may be substituted or non-substituted; the substitution, if present, is effected preferably on a nitrogen atom and the substituting group is preferably the methyl group.
The process of the invention for obtaining a fiber or film of regenerated cellulose comprises the following steps: having the shape of a fiber or film, at a temperature such that the solution is isotropic when at rest;
The regenerated cellulose fiber of the invention is characterized by the following features: than 3%; morphology which is practically continuous from the periphery up to the core; T.gtoreq.10 cN/tex; M.sub.i .gtoreq.500 cN/tex; A.sub.R >5%; T being the tenacity, M.sub.i being the initial modulus, and A.sub.R being the elongation upon rupture.
The composition may contain one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of alkali-metal halides, alkaline-earth metal halides and tetra-alkylammonium halides, in particular calcium chloride and/or lithium chloride.
The invention also concerns the fibers and films obtained by the process of the invention, as well as the assemblies comprising at least one fiber and/or one film in accordance with the invention.
The fibers, films and assemblies
REFERENCES:
patent: 3884631 (1975-05-01), Vigo et al.
patent: 4302252 (1981-11-01), Turbak et al.
patent: 4744932 (1988-05-01), Browne
patent: 4839113 (1989-06-01), Villaine et al.
patent: 4926920 (1990-05-01), Gouttebessis et al.
Journal of Polymer Science, Polymer Letters Edition, vol. 24, No. 10, (1986,) no month avail. New York, US, pp. 495-501--T. Fujimoto et al. "Reaction of Cellulose with Formic Acid and Stability of Cellulose Formate".
Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie, vol. 198, No. 3451, (1992,) no month avail. Basel, Switzerland, pp. 155-164, M. Schnabelrauch et al., "Readily Hydrolyzable Cellulose Esters as Intermediates for the Regioselective Derivatization of Cellulose" *summary, conclusions*.
Cizek Vlastimil
Huston Rima
Meraldi Jean-Paul
Brunsman David
Micheline Recherche et Technique S.A.
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