Compositions – Vaporization – or expansion – refrigeration or heat or energy...
Patent
1981-10-09
1984-06-19
Kittle, John E.
Compositions
Vaporization, or expansion, refrigeration or heat or energy...
252 68, 252 52A, 568842, 568852, 570142, C09K 504
Patent
active
044552475
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to a composition for an absorption refrigeration system comprising a refrigerant and an absorbent.
The composition which has been most widely used in an absorption refrigeration system consists of water or methanol, and a lithium halide. Water and methanol have the advantages of absorbing a large quantity of heat when vaporizing, and providing a high coefficient of performance (COP). A composition containing a lithium halide as an absorbent, however, is generally highly viscous, corrosive to metals, and easy to crystallize out. The use of such a composition also requires a condenser and an absorber which are cooled by water.
There is also known a composition which consists of ammonia and water. Ammonia has the advantage of absorbing a greater amount of heat when vaporizing than methanol, but has the disadvantage of requiring a high operating pressure. Moreover, the toxicity of ammonia has hindered the wide use of absorption refrigeration systems.
There is also known a composition consisting of a halogenated methane and dimethylformamide, but it provides only a low coefficient of performance (COP).
Another known composition consisting of a halogenated methane and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether disadvantageously requires a high operating pressure.
There are further known compositions consisting of halogenated methanes and furan derivatives as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,072,027 and 4,172,043.
None of these and other known compositions for use in an absorption refrigeration system has, however, been found satisfactory in performance.
Under these circumstances, this invention provides a novel composition for use in an absorption refrigeration system which has many advantages to be hereinafter described.
That is, according to this invention, there is provided a composition for use in an absorption refrigeration system which comprises at least one refrigerant of a fluorinated alcohol having 2 to 10 carbon atoms being a liquid at ordinary room temperature, and being vaporizable under normal atmospheric or reduced pressure when heated, and at least one absorbent having a higher boiling point at normal atmospheric pressure than the refrigerant, and being capable of absorbing the refrigerant.
As the fluorinated alcohols in the composition of this invention, there may be mentioned the fluorinated primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols represented by the general formulas (I), (II) and (III), respectively: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 --CH.sub.2 --, ##STR2## each stand for a halogen-substituted hydrocarbon group having at least one fluorine atom and 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each stand for a halogen (fluorine, or fluorine and chlorine)-substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group. Examples of the unsubstituted hydrocarbon groups include alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, n- or iso-propyl, n-, iso-, sec- or tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl and octyl groups, cycloalkyl groups such as a cyclohexyl group, aryl groups such as phenyl and tolyl groups, and aralkyl groups such as benzyl and phenethyl groups.
Specific examples of the fluorinated primary alcohols having the formula (I) includes 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-ethanol, 2-monochloro-2,2-difluoro-1-ethanol, 2,2-difluoro-1-ethanol, 2-monofluoro-1-ethanol, 3,3,3,2,2-pentafluoro-1-propanol, 3,3,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-propanol, 4,4,4,3,3,2,2-heptafluoro-1-butanol, 4,4,4,3,2,2-hexafluoro-1-butanol, 5,5,4,4,3,3,2,2-octafluoro-1-pentanol, 5,5,5,4,4,3,2,2-octafluoro-1-pentanol, 7,7,6,6,5,5,4,4,3,3,2,2-dodecafluoro-1-heptanol, 2-(1,1,1-trifluoroethyl)-1-hexanol, 8,8,7,7,6,6,5,5,4,4,3,3-dodecafluoro-1-octanol, 2-(pentafluoroethyl)-1-hexanol, 2-(1,1,1-trifluoroethyl)-2-fluoro-1-hexanol, 2-(pentafluoroethyl)-2-fluoro-1-hexanol, 7,7,7-trifluoro-1-heptanol, 6,6,6-trifluoro-1-hexanol, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-hexanol, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-heptanol, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-octanol, 6,6-difluoro-1-hexanol, 7,7-difluoro-1-heptanol, 8,8-difluoro-1-octanol, 2-(pentafluorophenyl)ethanol, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl alcoh
REFERENCES:
patent: 3356746 (1967-12-01), Anello et al.
patent: 3418337 (1968-12-01), Middleton
Kanai Takeshi
Nakayama Toshio
Kittle John E.
Sanyo Electric Co,. Ltd.
Wax Robert A.
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