Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Carbohydrate doai
Patent
1987-06-12
1990-08-21
Griffin, Ronald W.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Carbohydrate doai
514867, 536 2, A61K 3100, A61K 3700, C08B 3700
Patent
active
049506552
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to a composition for treating and preventing diarrhoea in humans and animals, said composition comprising a pectinaceous material and an additive for increasing the effect of the pectinaceous material.
It has long been known to use pectinaceous preparations for the treatment of diarrhoea in humans and in particular infants, cf. DE patent specification No. 720.948.
GB patent specification No. 1.380.292 discloses a pectinaceous feed additive containing pectin and an additive for increasing the amount of acid of the stomach contents, said additive serving to accelerate the conversion of protopecin into physiologically active pectin and thus to improve the effect of pectin on diarrhoea.
Furthermore, GB patent specification No. 1.182.463 discloses a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of diarrhoea and other gastric and intestinal disorders, said composition containing absorbent aluminium silicate and a glyceride of a saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid and optionally lecithin which serves to give the composition a smoother, finer but crystalline structure.
EP patent publication N. 0 021 230 A2 discloses a composition for treating or preventing infections in human being and animals. The composition comprises one or more polymeric carbohydrates or sugar alcohols having a hydrophobic group and a molecular weight which is sufficiently high to prevent it from penetrating a cellular membrane and a physiologically acceptable water-insoluble inorganic material exhibiting a hydrophobic surface layer. The purpose of using said combination of a polymer having a hydrophobic group and an inorganic material exhibiting a hydrophobic surface layer is to attract patogenic bacteria and to cause the bacteria to adhere to the polymer and the inorganic material rather than the cell tissue, e.g. the intestinal cell tissue. The composition does not contain pectin and the introduction of the hydrophobic group on the polymer is based on a chemical reaction, viz. an etherification, esterificattion or amidation.
DK patent application No. 2719/84 discloses a dietary fiber product which is readily dispersible in water and which consists of 80-99.95% by weight of dietary fibres and 0.05-20% by weight of an emulsifier, e.g. lecithin. The dietary fibres used are psyllium powder, bran, cellulosic derivatives, malt extract, wheat sprouts etc. The dietary fibre product is mainly used as a laxative.
The mechanisms which are responsible for diarrhoea have not been fully elucidated. As far as the most widespread diarrhoea based on infections is concerned, recent research seems to indicate that several of these disorders (Salmonellose, Escherichia coli diarrhoea and Vibro cholerate diarrhoea) are due to the adhesion of specific pathogenic bacteria strains to the mucous membrane of the small intestine. This phenomenon is normally called bacteria colonisation.
Bacterial adhesion to the mucous membrane of the intestines occurs in two forms:
(1) A reversible "adhesion" caused by non-specific pili extending from the surface of the bacteria cells (for Eschericia coli: Type+1 fimbriae).
(2) An non-reversible adherence which is accompanied by a bacterial propagation and which is caused by the presence of specific antigenic formations on the surface of the bacterial capsula (antigenic pili).
It should be pointed out that only the non-reversible adherence mentioned sub (2) is of pathogenic significance becaus of the development of an actual colonisation.
Due to the secretion of mucus, a permanent renewal of epithel and supply of bile to the small intestine as well as the peristalic movements of the small intestine etc., the bacterial flora is rather sparse with the exception of a high number of lacto bacteria. The number of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the anterior end of the small intestine in normal pigs is 10.sup.3 -10.sup.4 per g of the contents of the small intestine, whereas this number in cases of diarrhoea associated with E. coli is 10.sup.9 bacteria per g.
The pathogenesis in infections associated with E. coli compris
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patent: 2139139 (1938-12-01), Tompkins
patent: 2145016 (1939-01-01), Spalding
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patent: 4443467 (1984-04-01), Ward
patent: 4684632 (1987-08-01), Schulz et al.
Berkeley et al., Editors, "Microbial Adhesion to Surfaces" Ellis Horwood Limited, Publisher, Sect. 28.13, pp. 537-538.
Griffin Ronald W.
White Everett
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