Plant protecting and regulating compositions – Plant growth regulating compositions – Plural active ingredients
Reexamination Certificate
2002-02-12
2004-04-20
Clardy, S. Mark (Department: 1616)
Plant protecting and regulating compositions
Plant growth regulating compositions
Plural active ingredients
C504S187000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06723680
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a regulation composition for gametophytic self-incompatibility, a control method for gametophytic self-incompatibility and a plant self-pollinated by using the control method. More particularly, the present invention relates to a regulation composition for gametophytic self-incompatibility containing sulfates, especially CuSO
4
and ZnSO
4
, as an inhibitor that prevents a style-specific RNase activity regulating gametophytic self-incompatibility; a control method for gametophytic self-incompatibility of plants by using the regulation composition for gametophytic self-incompatibility; and a plant self-pollinated of which gametophytic self-incompatibility is destroyed by using the control method.
BACKGROUND ART
Over half of the flowering plants in this world have gametophytic self-incompatibility. The gametophytic self-incompatibility means the property that is not self-pollinated. Therefore, the gametophytic self-incompatible plants can be pollinated only by genetically different pollen. So, such plants can only bloom without any fruition in case that there is only one species.
On the other hand, natural pollination between plants belonging to different species is mediated by pollinators such as honeybee and drone fly, or by wind. However, pollinators are decreasing suddenly in recent years due to environmental pollution according to the excess use of agricultural chemicals and rapid industrialization. Although the number of pollinators and pollinizers is sufficient, it is difficult to achieve the stable rate of fruitions in case that the working of pollinators is disturbed by the hindrance factor of weather conditions such as low temperature, strong wind, and rain fall, which appear in blooming season every year.
Furthermore, the rate of natural fruition in the farm house cultivating only one species of crop for high profit gets to further decrease because pollinizers are insufficient.
Therefore, since it is difficult to acquire both fruition stability of crops and good quality of fruits under the condition of natural pollination, in recent years artificial pollination using imported pollens has been carried out, or a method that releases pollinators such as artificially bleeded
Osmia ocrnifrons
which is imported from foreign countries in blooming season has been used. Especially, in artificial pollination method, pollens of different pollinizers are smeared on the stigma of style by human, not by pollinators. So it is not economical because it needs many labor and high costs.
In natural fruit trees, flowering plants, medicinal plants, and vegetables of eggplant family, a style-specific RNase is secreted from a pistil, the reproductive organ RNase having the different genetic phenotype according to the species exists in a style. The mechanism is as follows. A style-specific RNase is secreted when self-pollen tube elongates from a style of a pistil to an ovary, and degrades only rRNA of self-pollen selectively (McClure et al,
Nature,
1991). By the mechanism, the pollen tube doesn't elongate to the ovary, that is, the elongation of pollen tube is destroyed at a specific site, ⅓ point of a pistil, and finally fruition cannot be produced as a result of being unable to accomplish pollinatioin by self-pollen.
Furthermore, according to the research up to now, the RNase secreted from a style enters into self- or nonself-pollen unselectively, but the RNase binds to an inhibitor or a receptor within self-pollen which react with the RNase specifically. It is speculated that this reaction is related to the signal transduction pathway degrading rRNA of self-pollen selectively, and the pollination cannot be accomplished because self-pollen tube is destroyed before it reaches to the ovary in case of self-pollen.
On the other hand, nonself-pollen, which is originated from pollinizer having different genetic phenotype transferred by pollinators or wind, can elongate the pollen tube normally. This phenomenon is illustrated by the hypothesis according to the research up to now. The hypothesis is as follows. Since the structure of the receptor that binds with RNase secreted from a pistil which exists in the pollen of different phenotype, is not identical to that of the receptor of its own phenotype, signal transduction pathways are not progressed thereinafter. As a result, RNase does not attack rRNA of nonself-pollen, and the elongation of pollen tube is induced normally so that pollination can be achieved finally.
Though many researchers in the world keep studying an inhibitor or a receptor molecule of pollen now, however, they have not found clear clue about that. It was only reported that RNase secreted from a style was found in the elongation tissue of pollen tube by observing through the microscopic and immunological method.
Furthermore, it has been reported that gametophytic self-incompatibility of fruit trees like apple, pear, coffee and almond as well as some flowering plants, medicinal plants and eggplant family like wild-type tomato, eggplant, tobacco and potato, is regulated by pistil(style) and gene-specific RNase (II-Kyung, Chung et al.,
Plant Molecular Biology,
26:757-762, 1994; II-Kyung, Chung et al.,
Journal of Korean Breeding Science,
29(1):41-46, 1997; II-Kyung, Chung et al.,
Journal of Plant Physiology,
154:63-70, 1999).
In relation to the report, the present inventor previously reported a style-specific RNase isolated from wild-type tomatoes in 1992 (II-Kyung, Chung et al.,
Bioscience Biotechnology Biochemistry
57(7):1172-1176, 1993; Japanese patent application No. 1,262,865). Also the present inventor identified a gene related to gametophytic self-incompatibility of plants like tomato and
Lillop Koreana Kakai
(II-Kyung, Chung et al.,
Plant Molecular Biology,
26:757-762, 1994; II-Kyung, Chung et al., Plant Cell Physiology, 36(8):1621-1627, 1995; Japanese Patent No. 7-187557).
To overcome the problem of the gametophytic self-incompatible plants, the present inventor identified an inhibitor preventing a style-specific RNase activity, provided a control method for gametophytic self-incompatibility by using the inhibitor and a plant self-pollinated, and suggested a new agricultural method that is very economical as well as ensures good quality of fruits by manipulating plants of fruit trees to be pollinated or producing fruits by self-pollen.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to provide a regulation composition for gametophytic self-incompatibility containing an inhibitor, which prevents a style-specific RNase regulating gametophytic self-incompatibility.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a control method for gametophytic self-incompatibility by using the regulation composition.
Also the object of the present invention is to provide a plant self-pollinated in which gametophytic self-incompatibility is destroyed.
Hereinafter, the present invention is described in detail.
The present invention provides a regulation composition for gametophytic self-incompatibility which includes inhibitor inhibiting a style-specific RNase activity regulating gametophytic self-incompatibility.
The present inventor has tried to induce pollination by self-pollen by controlling gametophytic self-incompatibility of plants existing in the natural world, by finding out the style-specific RNase inhibitor related to gametophytic self-incompatibility.
First of all, the present inventor isolated and purified RNase from the style, the reproductive organ of Fuji apple, which plays a critical role in causing gametophytic self-incompatibility (see table 2). Afterwards, the present inventor isolated RNase respectively from a root, leaf, stalk, petal and calyx of Fuji apple, and electrophoresed the said RNases with the RNase isolated from a style of Fuji apple. Hence, the present inventor confirmed that RNase isolated from a style is a style-specific RNase by RNase activity staining (see FIG.
1
). Furthermore, to investigate the difference between style-specific RNases according to spe
Chung Il-Kyung
Chung Il-Sun
Heo Byung-Ju
Kim Myung-Hee
Ryu Jong-Sang
Clardy S. Mark
Foley & Lardner
Istech Co., Ltd.
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