Composition for limiting and attenuating the visible symptoms of

Details Composition for limiting and attenuating the visible symptoms of Composition for limiting and attenuating the visible symptoms of

1998-11-24

2000-08-01

Jarvis, William R. A.

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Antigen, epitope, or other immunospecific immunoeffector

Conjugate or complex

514 26, 514457, 514456, 514455, 514451, 514460, A61K 3578, A61K 3135

Patent

active

060963166

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a composition which is used to for limiting and attenuating the visible symptoms of natural or accidental ageing of the skin. It applies both to natural ageing (anti-ageing action) and to phenomena of accidental ageing of the skin due to the many attacking factors to which the skin is subjected daily, in particular those caused by solar radiation (antisun products and after-sun products).
In general, it is known that ageing is an unavoidable phenomenon, but certain factors can accelerate the process. It is known that the ultraviolet radiation of light adversely affects the normal functions of the skin and that prolonged exposure to solar radiation contributes towards ageing and to the induction of skin cancers. Free radicals are the main agents incriminated in these adverse changes.
Free radicals are corrosive particles which have a free electron, of great chemical reactivity, and are thus particularly unstable.
They are generated by ionizing radiation, ultraviolet radiation and even visible sunlight, but they are also derived from the metabolic and enzymatic reactions which take place in the body. These reactions take place, for example, during cell respiration, in the mitochondria, or during the synthesis of prostaglandins, in the course of the inflammation process, or alternatively during phagocytosis.
A free radical can form according to two types of chemical process: molecule, each taking one electron from the bond with it: ##EQU1## transfer of an electron (redox reaction) between two molecules (an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent) which gives rise to two charged radicals: ##EQU2##
The most common reaction resulting from having free radicals in solution is the stripping of a hydrogen atom from a substrate present in the medium, which leads to the formation of a new free radical: ##EQU3##
The radical-mediated attack initiates chain reactions which stop only when two free radicals mutually inactivate themselves.
Lipid peroxidation (lipoperoxidation) is a typical case of a radically-induced chain reaction.
The oxidation of membrane lipids results in the formation of lipoperoxides, which decompose into various fragmentation products, some of which are highly corrosive.
One of the most important and most corrosive fragmentation products is an aldehyde, malondialdehyde (MDA). Since this molecule bears two free radicals, it exhibits formidable toxicity by bridging across proteins, intracellular lipids and DNA.
In the toxicity of free radicals towards biological systems, oxygen-derived reactive species occupy a predominant position.
The main radical species involved in biological processes are the following:


______________________________________ .sup.1 O.sub.2 singlet oxygen O.sub.2.sup..cndot.- superoxide anion radical which induces the formation of a much more reactive radical: OH.sup..cndot. hydroxyl radical, very powerful oxidizing agent HOO.sup..cndot. perhydroxyl radical (protonated form of O.sub.2.sup..cndot.-) LO.sup..cndot. lipid alkoxyl radical LOO.sup..cndot. lipid peroxyl radical ______________________________________ (L = polyunsaturated phospholipid group)
The free radicals and the cascade of chain reactions which they generate in the body play a very important role in the process of ageing of the skin.
Their destructive action on membrane lipids results in the slow death of cells.
They also attack the genetic patrimony of cells: DNA and RNA, which are essential molecules for protein synthesis reactions.
Lastly, they degrade proteins, in particular collagen fibres and elastic fibres, the functional characteristics of which are severely impaired.
The results of all this are damaged, prematurely aged skin.
Now, cell metabolism (in particular respiration) generates free radicals. This is an entirely normal phenomenon which cells are capable of combating since they are equipped with suitable means of defence.
In certain circumstances, this harmonious equilibr

REFERENCES:
patent: 4146615 (1979-03-01), Fauran et al.
patent: 4335113 (1982-06-01), Combier et al.
patent: 5093109 (1992-03-01), Mausner
D. Honore-Thorez--Jrnl of Pharmacology, Liege, Belgium, 1985, vol. 40, issue 5, pp. 323-331--Abstract Only.
T.Brasseur, L.Angenot, J.Pincemail, C.Deby--Plant.Med.Phytogher, 1987, vol. 21, issue 2, pp. 131-137.--Abstract Only.

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