Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Having -c- – wherein x is chalcogen – bonded directly to...
Patent
1998-01-23
1999-11-30
Clardy, S. Mark
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Having -c-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to...
A01N 4316
Patent
active
059943955
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a composition that comprises a combination of at least two parasiticidally active substances and that is suitable for controlling pests in and on animals, to a method of controlling these parasites, to a process for the preparation of this composition, and to the use of this composition.
As is known, the life cycles of many parasites, in and on animals, are very complicated, which makes the control of these parasites, which without their effective control often cause considerable, for example economic, damage, extraordinarily difficult. Within the scope of the present invention, parasites are to be understood as comprising ectoparasites as well as endoparasites.
Ticks, for example, which are representatives of the ectoparasites, may feed exclusively on one host animal or also on several hosts. They settle on the host animal and feed on its blood. The females, fully replete with blood, drop off the host animal and then lay a large number of eggs in a suitable niche in the vicinity. The developing larvae then seek a new host animal in order to develop via the nymph stage into adults and once again become fully replete with blood. Certain species may migrate from one host animal to a second and even a third host animal. Ticks that are of economic significance from the aetiological standpoint belong mainly to the genera Amblyomma, Boophilus, Hyalomma, Ixodes, Rhipicephalus or Dermacentor, especially involved are the species Boophilus microplus and B. annulatus, most especially B. microplus. They are also responsible for the transmission of numerous diseases that may affect humans and animals. Bacterial, protozoan, rickettsial and viral diseases, in particular, are transmitted. The causative organisms of such diseases are transmitted especially by ticks that feed on more than one host. These diseases may lead to the weakening or even the death of the host animals. They usually cause high economic losses, for example as a result of the meat of productive livestock losing value, the usable skin being damaged, or the milk production being reduced Ticks are normally controlled by treating the affected animals with an acaricidally active composition in response to an actual infestation, that is to say curatively. The occurrence of ticks, for example on pasture ground, is greatly dependent upon seasonal weather conditions, and the ultimate infestation of the host animals depends, in addition, upon their resistance to the ticks. This means that a preventive control of the ticks is difficult and time-consuming since inter alia the risk of infestation by the pests and the animals' power of resistance to them can be estimated only with difficulty. In addition, when attempting a preventive control of the parasites, the potential infestation has to be monitored over a relatively long period, which causes additional problems. The reason why, nevertheless, a preventive control of the pests would be desired, is the fact, that relatively great damage has often already occurred by the time the curative control begins to act.
Fleas, another example of representatives of the ectoparasites, also have a very complex life cycle. For example, adult cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and dog fleas (C. canis) normally live in the coat of the host cat and host dog. They feed on the blood of the host animal and lay their eggs in its coat. Since those eggs are not self-clinging, however, they generally soon fall off and can be found on the floor, on the carpet, in the dog basket or cat basket, on a chair used by the animal, in the garden and at all the other places with which the infested animal comes into contact. This means that the entire area where the animal lives is contaminated with flea eggs from which, within two days, the larvae develop. In the case of the larvae, a distinction is made between three stages of development, each of which lasts three days. In the last stage, the larvae spin their cocoons and change into pupae from which the young, mature fleas develop. The young adult fleas remain th
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Hepler Douglas Irvin
Kemmethmuller Stefan
Lowndes Philip Anthony
Parks Steven Craig
Clardy S. Mark
Gruenfeld Norbert
Morris Michael P.
Novartis Animal Health US Inc.
Pryor Alton
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