Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Process disinfecting – preserving – deodorizing – or sterilizing – Maintaining environment nondestructive to metal
Reexamination Certificate
1999-08-12
2002-07-16
McKane, Elizabeth (Department: 1744)
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Process disinfecting, preserving, deodorizing, or sterilizing
Maintaining environment nondestructive to metal
C422S037000, C424S723000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06419879
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to biocides and, more particularly, to a composition and method for controlling biological growth using stabilized sodium hypobromite in synergistic combinations.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The proliferation of microorganisms and the resultant formation of slime is a problem which commonly occurs in aqueous systems. Problematic slime producing microbes may include bacteria, fungi and algae. Slime deposits typically occur in many industrial aqueous systems including cooling water systems, pulp and paper mill systems, petroleum operations, clay and pigment slurries, recreational water systems, air washer systems, decorative fountains, food, beverage, and industrial process pasteurizers, sweetwater systems, gas scrubber systems, latex systems, industrial lubricants, cutting fluids, etc.
The proliferation of organisms such as mussels and clams is also a problem which occurs in many water systems. Growth of these organisms is a serious problem in municipal and industrial water systems such as once-through or recirculating cooling water systems, cooling ponds, intake pipes, ballast water tanks and ship reservoirs that draw water from infested bodies of water.
Biocides and antimicrobials are used to control microbial growth in a number of different aqueous media. As used herein, “control” is defined to include both inhibition and removal. If left untreated, microbes and microbial biofilms (slimes) can cause deterioration of cooling tower structures, loss in heat exchange efficiency in a cooling system, aesthetic defects in decorative fountains, promotion and acceleration of corrosion on metal surfaces, increased down time, or breaks in paper sheets in pulp and paper systems. Bacterial slimes may also be objectionable as they relate to cleanliness and sanitation in breweries, dairies, and other industrial food and beverage process water systems. The proliferation of microbial contamination in lubricants and cutting fluids is a common problem due to the elevated temperatures and unsanitary conditions found in many metal working plants.
For many types of municipal and industrial water systems, screening of intake water is often performed to prevent the entrance of large objects, including mature clams and mussels. This screening, however, does not prevent the passage of juvenile macroinvertebrates. These early life stages of the macroinvertebrates attach within water systems and mature to a size and density which cause fouling. This growth can cause severe plugging and damage to the systems they colonize, resulting in system down time and costly cleanings and repairs. As a consequence of the deleterious effects of uncontrolled biological growth and contamination in many industrial processes, different biocides and antimicrobials have been developed to aid in eliminating and controlling biological growth.
Often, one biocide is insufficient to control biological growth in the aqueous media. Biocides may act in combination, i.e. synergistically, to yield better biocidal performance as opposed to the efficacy obtained when each biocide is used separately. Biocides may act on the target organism in a number of different ways to cause cell stress or death. The mechanisms by which biocides exert biocidal activity depend upon a number of factors which include the chemical properties of the biocide, and the biochemical and physical characteristics of the target organism. Some biocides target the cell membrane or cell wall. Others target critical enzymes or the cellular metabolic machinery which leads to cell death or disruption of cellular replication.
The combination of two biocides may yield enhanced efficacy beyond the cumulative or additive effect of the two biocides. This likely reflects a synergistic biocidal effect on some essential component(s) of the cell for survival and sustained growth. A combination of two biocides that are synergistic allows for the addition of lesser amounts of the individual biocides to achieve the desired level of control. This has both advantageous environmental and economic impacts. It allows for reduced discharge of potential environmental pollutants and a more cost effective control program for diverse industrial systems.
It is an object of the present invention to provide novel biocidal compositions which provide enhanced effectiveness for controlling the growth of both microorganisms and macroorganisms in industrial fluids. It is another object of this invention to provide an improved method for controlling microorganisms and macroorganisms in industrial fluids. It is an advantage of the present invention that the biocidal compositions permit a reduction in the amount of biocide required to achieve acceptable biological control.
Important applications of the synergistic biocidal compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, controlling the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae, and macroorganisms such as zebra mussels, blue mussels and the Asiatic clam in aqueous media. The composition of the present invention possesses unexpected synergistic activity against microorganisms and macroorganisms.
Stabilized sodium hypobromite is less volatile and more stable than other halogenated molecules such as sodium hypochlorite and sodium hypobromite. Also, much higher levels of available halogen for microbial disinfection are attained using stabilized sodium hypobromite than with other halogenated antimicrobials. Further, stabilized sodium hypobromite yielded reduced generation of adsorbable organic halogen (AOX) in laboratory studies and process waters.
This invention provides superior biological control by combining stabilized sodium hypobromite with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of coco alkyldimethylamine oxide, n-coco alkyltrimethylenediamine, tetra-alkyl phosphonium chloride, 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid and 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one. The combination of the two biocides leads to unexpectedly superior results, and allows for significantly less use of either biocide compared to the necessary amount of each individual biocide to achieve the same biocidal performance. In addition to biocidal synergism, the use of these biocide combinations may result in improved removal of adherent biomass due to the biocidal persistence of coco alkyldimethylamine oxide, n-coco alkyltrimethylenediamine, tetra-alkyl phosphonium chloride, 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid and 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one coupled with the reactivity and biofilm removal properties of stabilized sodium hypobromite. As is well known in the art, stabilized sodium hypobromite, coco alkyldimethylamine oxide, n-coco alkyltrimethylenediamine, tetra-alkyl phosphonium chloride, 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid and 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one exhibit biocidal activity when used alone. However, the prior art does not teach or suggest the performance advantages of the inventive combinations or the resulting synergistic behavior.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The composition of the present invention comprises stabilized sodium hypobromite and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of coco alkyldimethylamine oxide, n-coco alkyltrimethylenediamine, tetra-alkyl phosphonium chloride, 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid and 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one.
The inventive composition effectively controls biological growth in industrial fluids.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a composition and method for controlling biological growth in industrial fluids using stabilized sodium hypobromite in synergistic combinations. In accordance with this invention, stabilized sodium hypobromite is added to the industrial fluid in combination with another compound. Suitable compounds which may be used in combination with the stabilized sodium hypobromite include, but are not limited to, su
Cooper Andrew J.
Dallmier Anthony W.
Kelly Robert F.
Ma Xi
McCoy William F.
Breininger Thomas M.
Cummings Kelly L.
McKane Elizabeth
Nalco Chemical Company
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