Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – Cellular products or processes of preparing a cellular...
Reexamination Certificate
1995-10-20
2001-06-12
Foelak, Morton (Department: 1711)
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
Cellular products or processes of preparing a cellular...
C521S079000, C521S081000, C521S097000, C521S092000, C521S098000, C521S143000, C521S910000, C516S010000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06245823
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND
1. Field of Invention
This invention pertains generally to foamed polyolefin materials and, more particularly, to a method and composition for use in making a foamed polyethylene material.
2. Related Art
Foamed polyolefin materials are commonly prepared by melting an olefin polymer resin, mixing the heated resin with a blowing agent, extruding the mixture, and activating the blowing agent to expand the extruded product. One such process, which is concerned specifically with the manufacture of a foamed polyolefin sheet, is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,281,377.
The blowing agents heretofore used in the manufacture of foamed polyolefins have included n-butane, isobutane, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC's). CFC's and HCFC's can now be used only on a limited basis, however, because they deplete the earth's ozone layer. In addition, n-butane and isobutane are volatile organic compounds (VOC's) whose use is also limited because they produce smog.
Heretofore, there have been some attempts to use blowing agents other than the aforementioned in the manufacture of certain foamed products. U.S. Pat. No. 5,288,740, for example, discloses a process for making alkenyl aromatic foam packing bodies wherein carbon dioxide and/or ethane is used as a blowing agent. There is no suggestion in that patent, however, of using either carbon dioxide or ethane as a blowing agent for a foamed polyolefin.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,290,822 mentions the possibility of using ethane as a blowing agent in the manufacture of a thermoplastic polymer which consists of an olefin polymer in combination with polystyrene and an elastomer. However, the preferred blowing agent is said to be isobutane, and no details are given for using any of the other agents which are mentioned.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,640,933 and 4,694,027 relate to the manufacture of expanded polyolefin compositions with a blowing agent consisting of isobutane by itself or in combination with a chlorofluorocarbon or a fluorocarbon having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms and a boiling point between −50° C. and +50° C.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,067,147 discloses the production of polyethylene foam with 1,2-dichloro-tetrafluoroethane as a blowing agent. It suggests that other hydrocarbon blowing agents produce foams having non-uniform large cells.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,523,988 discloses a method of making large celled plastic materials with integral skins. It indicates that a wide variety of extrudable thermoplastic materials and blowing agents can be used in the process, including ethane. However, in the only specific examples actually given, the plastic material is polypropylene, and the blowing agent is nitrogen.
Another method of extruding a foamed plastic with an integral hardened sheath is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,972,970. Once again, a number of plastic materials and blowing agents are mentioned, including polyethylene and ethane, although no details are given for using the two together. Ethane is also included in a group of possible blowing agents for ethylenic polymer foams in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,340,840 and 5,288,762, although there again no details are given for that combination.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,348,795 discloses a process for making a dimensionally stable, open cell polypropylene foam. It mentions the possibility of including small amounts non-propylenic polymers including polyethylenes in the mixture, and ethane is one of a number of possible blowing agents which are mentioned. No details are given, however, for the use of ethane in the process.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY
It is in general an object of the invention to provide a new and improved method and composition for use in making a foamed polyethylene material.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method and composition of the above character which overcomes the limitations and disadvantages of the prior art.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method and composition of the above character which are particularly suitable for use in the manufacture of a foamed polyethylene sheet for use as a packing material.
These and other objects are achieved in accordance with the invention by forming a foamable melt of polyethylene, a nucleating agent, a material which retards migration of alkanes, and a blowing agent which comprises 10 to 100 mole percent ethane. In one disclosed embodiment, the melt is passed through an annular extrusion die to form an elongated tube of extruded material which is then expanded, slit lengthwise and laid flat to form a sheet of the expanded material.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In making a foamed polyethylene product in accordance with the invention, a solid polyethylene material such as low density polyethylene (LDPE) is melted by heating in an extruder. If desired, the polyethylene can be a blend which contains up to about 8 mole percent linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). A nucleating agent such as hydrocerol is added to the melt to control cell size, and a material such as glycerol monostearate is added to slow down the migration of alkanes. A blowing agent consisting of a combination of isobutane and ethane is introduced into the melt, and the melt is passed through a die and expanded.
The amount of nucleating agent added to the melt is on the order of 0 to 200 grams per 800 pounds of polyethylene, and the amount of glycerol monostearate is on the order of one to four percent by weight of the polyethylene.
The blowing agent contains 10 to 100 mole percent ethane, with 50 to 90 percent being the preferred range. Below 50 percent, the benefits of the ethane are reduced, and above 90 percent, the cells tend to rupture upon exit from the die, giving an open cell foam, particularly with thicker bodies of foam.
The process is most suitable for producing foam sheets having a thickness on the order of 30 mils to 250 mils, although it can be used for sheets as thick as one-half inch or more.
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Alire Roderick R.
Clazie Ronald N.
McIntyre William D.
Flehr Hohbach Test Albritton & Herbert LLP
Foelak Morton
Free-Flow Packaging International Inc.
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