Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Biocides; animal or insect repellents or attractants
Reexamination Certificate
1993-11-10
2001-11-13
Levy, Neil S. (Department: 1616)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Biocides; animal or insect repellents or attractants
C424S084000, C424S405000, C424S406000, C424S407000, C424S411000, C424S419000, C424S420000, C424S421000, C514S065000, C514S531000, C514S075000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06316017
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Boll Weevils,
Anthonomus grandis
Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculinidae), are insect pests that feed on cotton plants causing serious damage to the plants and reducing harvest yield. Since shortly after the entry of the cotton boll weevil,
Anthonomus grandis
(Boheman), into the southwestern United States in the early part of this century, baits have been investigated as a control measure for this destructive pest. Previous attempts have been made to trap, kill, or destroy the boll weevil.
Hunter et al (USDA Bur. Entomol. Bull., v. 51, 181 pp., 1905) tested a mixture containing molasses as a feeding stimulant with calcium arsenate. More recently, after the discovery that crude cottonseed contained feeding stimulants and attractants for this species (Daum et al, J. Econ. Entomol., v. 60, 321-325, 1967), cottonseed oil—water emulsion bait formulations were used to infect the insects with a protozoan disease (McLaughlin, J. Invert. Path., v. 9, 70-77, 1967) and to mass-mark field populations (Lloyd et al, J. Econ. Entomol., v. 61, 1440-1444, 1968).
Since the discovery and synthesis of the male boll weevil aggregating pheromone (Tumlinson et al, Science, v. 166, 1010-1012, 1969), the use of baits for controlling the boll weevil has been investigated from time to time, primarily at the Boll Weevil Research Unit at Mississippi State. Most of the baits investigated previously were designed to be applied to the cotton foliage when cotton buds, the natural food for the weevils, were readily available. Competition from the buds as well as application problems and susceptibility to rain wash-off, prevented the baits from being effective enough to be considered a viable control method.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,803,303 describes polymeric compositions for attracting boll weevils using the male sex pheromone, Grandlure, in combination with polyethylene glycol and a toxicant such as p-dichlorobenzene. Additionally, the plant attractants caryophylline oxide and beta-bisabalol were used. The attractant was applied to cotton dental rolls.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,027,420 discloses a bait formulation containing Grandlure absorbed into cigarette filters or cotton dental rolls and containing DDVP (o,o-Dimethyl, 2, 2-dichlorovinyl phosphate). The filters were attached to an airdropped device that was designed to lodge in the foliage cotton plants.
Like all baits for the boll weevil, the approach disclosed in the two patents mentioned above was difficult to evaluate effectively, but did not compare favorably with pheromone baited traps.
The prior art uses of toxic baits have also been in various water-based forms. These bait formulations have been subject to dissolution, dilution, or wash-off by rain. With Grandlure, the application of liquid baits around cotton fields early and late in the season was attempted, likewise with limited success due to the lack of a proper formulation and dispensing system for Grandlure (unpublished).
There is a need for a means to kill chewing insects pests that does not suffer the disadvantages of the prior art insecticide traps or baits described above and that is species specific and thus protecting the insect species that are beneficial to crop plants.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Objects of the present invention include providing insect control which is highly effective, and yet: inexpensive, easy to use, maintenance free, environmentally safe, provides an unlimited killing capacity, species specific, permits the use of less insecticide per unit area than conventional methods, eliminates the need for frequent pesticide reapplication, environmentally stable (e.g. durable and free from rain wash-off), ingestible by insects and yet safe to humans, animals and non-targeted insects.
One aspect of the present invention relates to compositions, apparatus, and methods for attracting and killing or destroying chewing pests such as armyworm, boll weevil, boll worm, loopers, cutworms, and the larvae and adults of many other leptodopterdus and coleopterous pests.
A composition of the present invention comprises:
a binder,
a pigment,
an insect toxicant,
an insect feeding stimulant, and
an ingredient which is both a filler and thickener
(e.g. as an essentially homogeneous mixture).
Still another composition of the present invention comprises:
a binder,
a pigment,
an insect toxicant,
a toxicant regeneration enhancer, and
an ingredient that is both a filler and thickener
(e.g. as an essentially homogeneous mixture).
These compositions can be incorporated in an article of manufacture comprising a substrate having thereon a coating of the aforementioned composition.
Another aspect of the present invention is a process comprising applying the aforementioned compositions to a substrate and permitting an insect to come in contact with and/or feed upon said composition. Insects coming into contact with the aforementioned insect attracticide composition, for even a short period of time (e.g. a few seconds), absorb a lethal dose of the toxiant or become stuck to the surface and die. Insects (e.g. boll weevils) that feed on said composition with the toxicant die in a short time (e.g. a few minutes). Insects that absorb a lethal dose (e.g. through tarsal contact) die in a relatively longer time (e.g. 30 minutes to 1 hour).
The present invention is effective against a wide variety of insect, such as for example: armyworm, boll weevil, boll worm, loopers, cutworms, larvae of many other lepodopterous and coleopterous pests, etc.
REFERENCES:
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patent: 601183 (1898-03-01), Thum
patent: 1545005 (1925-07-01), Meyer et al.
patent: 2311911 (1943-02-01), Swain et al.
patent: 3318769 (1967-05-01), Folekemer et al.
patent: 3350329 (1967-10-01), Scholl
patent: 3655129 (1972-04-01), Seiner
patent: 3689459 (1971-12-01), Largman et al.
patent: 3803303 (1974-04-01), McKibben et al.
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patent: 4237113 (1980-12-01), Cardarelli
patent: 4369176 (1983-01-01), Ott
patent: 4808615 (1989-02-01), Ott et al.
patent: 4818525 (1989-04-01), Kamada et al.
patent: 4851218 (1989-07-01), Hildebrandt et al.
patent: 4889710 (1989-12-01), Hagarty
patent: 4965287 (1990-10-01), Stendel et al.
Shearer et al. Citral in The Nassanoff Phermone of the Honey Bee. J. Insect. Physiol. vol. 12, 1513-1521, 1966.*
McKibben et al, “Identification of Feeding Stimulants for Boll Weevils from Cotton Buds and Anthers”, J. Chem. Ecology 11 (9):1229-1238, 1985.
Warnaar, “Conjugated Fatty Acids from Latex of Euphorbia Lathyris”, Phytochemistry 20:89-91. 1981.
Tumlinson et al, “Sex Pheromones Produced by Male Boll Weevil: Isolation, Identification, and Synthesis”, Science 166:1010-1012. 1969.
Lloyd et al, “A Red Dye to Evaluate Bait Formulations and to Mass Mark Field Populations of Boll Weevils”, J. Econ. Entomol. 61:1440-1444. 1968.
Daum et al, “Development of the Bait Principle for Boll Weevil Control: Cottonseed Oil, a Source of Attractants and Feeding Stimulants for the Boll Weevil”, J. Econ. Entomol. 60:321-325. 1967.
McLaughlin, “Development of the Bait Principle for Boll Weevil Control, II. Field-Cage Tests with a Feeding Stimulant and the Protozoan Mattesia grandis”, J. Invert. Path 9:70-77. 1967.
Hunter et al, “The Mexican Cotton Boll Weevil”, USDA Bur. Entomol. Bull. 51. 181 pp. 1905.
No. 2535 Merck Index 10th Edition.
No. 8315 Merck Index 10th Edition.
McKibben et al, “Air-Dropped Boll Weevil Bait Dispensers”, MAFES Research Report 1(12).
Kydonieus et al, “Insect Suppression with Controlled Release Pheromone Systems”, CRC Press 1:217-222. 1982.
McGovern William Lawrence
McKibben Gerald Hopkins
Smith James Winfred
Fado John D.
Levy Neil S.
Poulos Gail E.
Silverstein M. Howard
The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of
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