Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus – product – and – Having earth feature
Reexamination Certificate
2004-07-23
2008-12-23
Ryan, Patrick (Department: 1795)
Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and
Having earth feature
C429S006000
Reexamination Certificate
active
07468218
ABSTRACT:
An anode and method of making the same wherein the anode consists of two separate phases, one consisting of a doped strontium titanate phase and one consisting of a doped cerium oxide phase. The strontium titanate phase consists of Sr1-xMxTiO3-δ, where M is either yttrium (Y), scandium (Sc), or lanthanum (La), where “x” may vary typically from about 0.01 to about 0.5, and where δ is indicative of some degree of oxygen non-stoichiometry. A small quantity of cerium may also substitute for titanium in the strontium titanate lattice. The cerium oxide consists of NyCe1-yO2-δ, where N is either niobium (Nb), vanadium (V), antimony (Sb) or tantalum (Ta) and where “y” may vary typically from about 0.001 to about 0.1 and wherein the ratio of Ti in said first phase to the sum of Ce and N in the second phase is between about 0.2 to about 0.75. Small quantities of strontium, yttrium, and/or lanthanum may additionally substitute into the cerium oxide lattice. The combination of these two phases results in better performance than either phase used separately as an anode for solid oxide fuel cell or other electrochemical device.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4133778 (1979-01-01), Gray
patent: 4330633 (1982-05-01), Yoshisato et al.
patent: 4342704 (1982-08-01), Hoffmann et al.
patent: 4562124 (1985-12-01), Ruka
patent: 4702971 (1987-10-01), Isenberg
patent: 4849254 (1989-07-01), Spengler et al.
patent: 5021304 (1991-06-01), Ruka et al.
patent: 5106706 (1992-04-01), Singh et al.
patent: 5108850 (1992-04-01), Carlson et al.
patent: 5474800 (1995-12-01), Matsuzaki
patent: 5509189 (1996-04-01), Tuller et al.
patent: 5516597 (1996-05-01), Singh et al.
patent: 5686198 (1997-11-01), Kuo et al.
patent: 5759936 (1998-06-01), Christiansen et al.
patent: 5807642 (1998-09-01), Xue et al.
patent: 5932146 (1999-08-01), Kuo et al.
patent: 5993986 (1999-11-01), Wallin et al.
patent: 6120924 (2000-09-01), Chiba et al.
patent: 6248468 (2001-06-01), Ruka et al.
patent: 6589680 (2003-07-01), Gorte et al.
Yashiro, K. et al., Electrochemical Properties of Oxide Anode Materials for SOFC, Electrochemical Society Proceedings vol. 2001-16, pp. 678-683.
Balachandran, U,et al., Electrical Conductivity in Lanthanum-Doped Strontium Titanate, J. Electrochem. Soc, vol. 120 #5, May 1982, pp. 1021-1026.
Balachandran U,et al., Self-Compensation in Lanthanum-Doped Strontium Titanate, Journal of Solid State Chemistry 40, pp. 85-91 (1981).
Chan, N.H., et al., Nonstoichiometry in SrTiO, J. Electrochem. Soc., Aug. 1981, pp. 1762-1769.
Flandermeyer, B.F., et al., Oxidation-reduction behaviour of La-doped SrTiO3, Journal of Materials Science 19 (1984) pp. 2593-2598.
Hanajiri, Y., et al. EXAFS Analyses of CaTiO3 Doped with C3, Nd and U, Solid State Ionics 108, (1998) pp. 343-348.
Jurado, J.R., et al., Impedance Spectroscopy of Sr 0.97 Ti 1-x Fe xO3-8 materials with moderate.
Kutty, T.R.N, et al. Low voltage varistors based on SrTiO3 ceramics, Materials Science and Engineering B33, (1995) pp. 58-66.
Middleton, P.H., et al. Evaluation of Novel Oxide Anodes for Methane Conversion in SOFC Systems,Proceedings of the 3rd Sym. Solid State Oxide Fuel Cells, 1993 vol. 93-4,542-551.
Pudmich,et al. Chromite/titanate based perovskites for application as anodes in solid oxide fuel cells, Solid State Ionics 135, (2000) 433-438.
Slater, P.R., Niobium based tetragonal tungsten bronzes as potential anodes for Solid oxide fuel cells: synthesis & electriacal characterisation 120 (1999) 125-134.
Balachandran, U.,et al., Electrical Conductivity in Strontium Titanate, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 1981, vol. 39, pp. 351-359.
Tufte, O.N., et al., Electron Mobility in Semiconducting Strontium Titanate, Physical Review, Mar. 15, 1967, vol. 155#3, pp. 796-802.
Frederikse, H.P.R., et al., Electronic Transport in Strontium Titanate, Physical Review, Apr. 20, 1964, vol. 134 #2A, pp. A442-A445.
Mims, Charles A., et al., LaCr 1-x NixO3 Perovskites: Oxygen Mobility and Methane Reactivity, Electrochemical Proceedings vol. 97-18, pp. 737-745.
Baker, R.T. et al., Ionic and Electronic Conduction in Fe and Cr Doped (La,Sr)Gao3-8, J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 144 #9, pp. 3130-3135.
Kaiser, A., et al., Novel Highly Titania Doped YSZ Anodes for SOFCs, Electrochemical Society Proceedings vol. 99-19, pp. 541-548.
Watanabe, M., et al.,Effect of Ionic Conductivity of Zirconia Electrolytes on the Plaratization Behavior of Ceria-Based Anodes . . . , J. Electrochem Soc.,V 144 pp. 1739-1743.
Naik, I.K., et al., Electrical Conduction in Nb205-Doped Cerium Dioxide, J. Electrochem Soc, Apr. 1979, pp. 562-566.
Mogensen, M, et al., Physical Properties of Mixed Conductor Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes of Doped CeO2, J. Electrochem. Soc. vol. 141 #8, Aug. 1994, pp. 2122-2128.
Marina, O.A., et al., Ceria-Based Anodes on a YSZ Electrolyte: Preparation & Electrochemical Performance, Electrochemical Proceedings vol. 97-18, pp. 540-548.
Slater, P.R., Synthesis and electrical characterisation of new anode materials for SOFCs, Proceedings from 3rd European Solid Oxide Fuel cell Forum, Jun. 1998, vol. 1, pp. 416-426.
Sugimoto, W. et al., Synthesis and structures of carrier doped titanates with the Ruddlesden-Popper structure (Sr0.95La0.05)n+1TinO3n+1..Solid State ionics 108 (1998) 315-319.
Sumathi, R., et al., Selective oxidation and dehydrogenation of benzyl alcohol on ABB'O3 (A=Ba,B=Pb,Ce, Ti and B'=Bi,Cu,Sb) . . . , Applied Catalysis A:General 172, (1998) pp. 15-22.
Sutija, D. et al., AC van der Pauw Measurements of the Electical Conductivity of Iron-doped . . . , Proceedings 3rd Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, vol. 93-4, 552-561 (1993).
Sutija, D. et al. AC van der Pauw Measurements of the Electrical Conductivity of Iron-doped Calcium Titanate, Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Solid Oxide.
Yahia, J., et al., Electrical Conduction in p-Type Titanium Sesquioxide, Physical Review, vol. 123 #4, Aug. 1961, pp. 1257-1261.
Atkinson, A., et al., Advanced anodes for high-temperature fuel cells, Nature materials, vol. 3, Jan. 2004.
Zhang, et al., Doped strontium titanate current liquid and preparation method, XP-002146552, 1998 (1 page).
Yamamoto, O., et al., Perovskite-type as Oxygen Electrodes for High Temperature Oxide Fuel Cells, XP009020586-Solid State Ionics 22 (1987) 241-246.
Pudmich, G., et al., Characterizatin of New Ceramic Anode Materials for Direct Methane Oxidation in SOFC, XP000938065, Electrochemical Soc Proceedings vol. 99-19, pp. 577-582.
Slater, P.R., et al.,Synthesis and electrical characterisation of doped perovskite titanates as potential anode mat'ls for solid oxide fuel cells, J. Mater Chem 1997 2495-2498.
Sunstrom, J.E., et al., Synthesis Structure, and Properties of La1-xSrxTiO3(0<x<1),Chemistry of Materials, 1992, 4, pp. 346-353.
Marina Olga A.
Pederson Larry R.
Battelle (Memorial Institute)
O'Neill Karie
Ryan Patrick
Tuan Allan C.
LandOfFree
Composite solid oxide fuel cell anode based on ceria and... does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Composite solid oxide fuel cell anode based on ceria and..., we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Composite solid oxide fuel cell anode based on ceria and... will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-4037243