Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – Ion-exchange polymer or process of preparing
Reexamination Certificate
2006-03-07
2006-03-07
Bell, Bruce F. (Department: 1746)
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
Ion-exchange polymer or process of preparing
C429S006000, C429S006000, C204S296000
Reexamination Certificate
active
07008971
ABSTRACT:
Thin films of inexpensive composite polymer electrolyte membranes containing inorganic cation exchange materials including various clay based fillers are fabricated by solution casting. The membranes exhibit higher ion exchange capacity, proton conductivity and/or lower gas crossover. In general, the composite membranes exhibit excellent physicochemical properties and superior fuel cell performance in hydrogen oxygen fuel cells.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3282875 (1966-11-01), Connolly et al.
patent: 4320224 (1982-03-01), Rose et al.
patent: 4330654 (1982-05-01), Ezzell et al.
patent: 4419486 (1983-12-01), Rose
patent: 4625000 (1986-11-01), Chao et al.
patent: 5122587 (1992-06-01), Heinz et al.
patent: 5248566 (1993-09-01), Kumar et al.
patent: 5272017 (1993-12-01), Swathirajan et al.
patent: 5438082 (1995-08-01), Helmer-Metzmann et al.
patent: 5523181 (1996-06-01), Stonehart et al.
patent: 5547551 (1996-08-01), Bahar et al.
patent: 5547777 (1996-08-01), Richards
patent: 5599614 (1997-02-01), Bahar et al.
patent: 5635041 (1997-06-01), Bahar et al.
patent: 5716727 (1998-02-01), Savinell et al.
patent: 5766787 (1998-06-01), Watanabe et al.
patent: 5942347 (1999-08-01), Koncar et al.
patent: 5958354 (1999-09-01), Thompson et al.
patent: 5977241 (1999-11-01), Koloski et al.
patent: 6042958 (2000-03-01), Denton et al.
patent: 6045935 (2000-04-01), Ketcham et al.
patent: 6059943 (2000-05-01), Murphy et al.
patent: 6096449 (2000-08-01), Fuglevand et al.
patent: 6099988 (2000-08-01), Savinell et al.
patent: 6248469 (2001-06-01), Formato et al.
patent: 6355149 (2002-03-01), Soczka-Guth et al.
patent: 6387230 (2002-05-01), Murphy et al.
patent: 6387556 (2002-05-01), Fuglevand et al.
patent: 6509441 (2003-01-01), Kerres
patent: 6521690 (2003-02-01), Ross et al.
patent: 6548590 (2003-04-01), Koloski et al.
patent: 6552135 (2003-04-01), Schnurnberger et al.
patent: 6562891 (2003-05-01), Tsai et al.
patent: 6576100 (2003-06-01), Arcella et al.
patent: 6630265 (2003-10-01), Taft et al.
patent: 2002/0091225 (2002-07-01), McGrath et al.
patent: 2002/0094466 (2002-07-01), Kerres et al.
patent: 2003/0032739 (2003-02-01), Kerres et al.
patent: 2004/0019143 (2004-01-01), Koloski et al.
patent: 2004/0137303 (2004-07-01), Koloski et al.
Kerres, J. et al.; “Synthesis and characterization of polyaryl blend membranes having different composition, different covalent and/or ionical cross-linking density, and their application to DMFC”; Desalination 147 (2002) 173-178.
Kim, Yu Seung et al.; “Fabrication and characterization of heteropolyacid (H3PW12O40)/directly polymerized sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymer composite membranes for higher temperature fuel cell applications”; Journal of Membrane Science 212 (2003) 263-282.
Kobayashi, T. et al.; “Proton-conducting polymers derived from poly(ether-etherketone) and poly(4-phenoxybenzoyl-1,4-phenylene)”; Soldi State Ionics 106 (1998) 219-225.
Liao, Bing et al.; “Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites. 1. A study of poly(ethylene oxide)/Na+-montmorillonite nanocomposites as polyelectrolytes and polyethylene-block-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer/Na+—montmorillonite nanocomposites as filters for reinforcement of polyethylene”; Polymer 42 (2001) 10007-10011.
Miyake, N. et al.; “Evaluation of a Sol-Gel Derived Nafion/Silica Hybrid Membrane for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Applications”; Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 148 (8) A905-A909 (2001).
Nunes, S.P. et al.; “Inorganic modification of proton conductive polymer membranes for direct methanol fuel cells”; Journal of Membrane Science 203 (2002) 215-225.
Park, Yong-il et al.; “Proton exchange nanocomposite membranes based on 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, silicotungstic acid and {acute over (α)}-zirconium phosphate hydrate”; Solid State Ionics 145 (2001) 149-160.
Ruiz-Hitzky, Eduardo et al.; “Proton conductivity in A1-montmorillionite pillared clays”; Solid State Ionics 85 (1996) 313-317.
Shirai, Masamitsu et al.; “Photo-assisted thermal crosslinking of polymers having imino sulfonate units”; Reactive & Functional polymers 37 (1998) 147-154.
Staiti, P. et al.; “Hybrid Nafion-silica membranes doped with heteropolyacids for application in direct methanol fuel cells”; Solid State Ionics 145 (2001) 101-107.
Staiti, Pietro; “Proton conductive membranes based on silicotungstic acid/silica and polybenzimidazole”; Materials Letters 47 (2001) 241-246.
Szücs, Anna et al.; “Preparation and hydrogen sorption of Pd nanoparticles on Al2O3pillared clays”; Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 139 (1998) 109-118.
Tazi, B. et al.; “Parameters of PEM fuel-cells based on new membranes fabricated from Nafion silicotungstic acid and thiophene”; Electrochimica Acta 45 (2000) 4329-4339.
Tchicaya-Bouckary, L. et al.; “Hybrid Polyaryletherketone Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications”; Fuel Cells 2002, 2, No. 1, 1-6.
Tsyurupa, M.P.; “Hypercrosslinked polymers: basic principle of preparing the new class of polymeric materials”; Reactive and Functional Polymers; vol. 53; Issues 2-3; Dec. 2002; 193-203.
Xiao, Guyu et al.; “Synthesis and characterization of novel sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone)s derived from 4,4′-sulfonyl-diphenol”; Polymer Bulletin 48, 309-315 (2002).
Yao, K.J. et al.; “Polymer/layered clay nanocomposites: 2 polyurethane nanocomposites” Polymer 43 (2002) 1017-1020.
Zaidi S.M.J., et al.; “Proton conducting composite membranes from polyether ether ketone and heteropolyacids for fuel cell applications”; Journal of Membrane Science 173 (2000) 17-34.
Deng, Q. et aol.; “Nafion®/SiO2, ORMOSIL, and Dimethylsiloxane) Hybrids Via In Situ Sol-Gel Reactions; Characterization of Fundamental Properties”; Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 68, 747-763 (1998), no month available.
Easton, E.B.; “Characteristics of Pplypyrrole/Nafion composite Membranes in a Direct Methanol Fuel Cell”; Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 150 (10) C735-C739 (2003), no month available.
Fujinami, T. et al.; “Proton conducting borosiloxane-poly(ether-sulfone) composite electrolyte”; Electrochimica Acta xxx (2004) xxx-xxx, no month available.
Jung, D.H. et al., “Performance evaluation of a Nafion/silicon oxide hybrid membrane for direct methanol fuel cell”; Journal of Power Sources 106 (2002) 173-177, no month available.
Kim, D. et al. “Nano-silica layered composite membranes prepared by PECVD for direct methanol fuel cells”; Electrochemistry Communications 6 (2004) 1069-1074, no month available.
Kim, Young-Taek et al.; “Nafion/ZrSPP composite membrane for high temperature operation of PEMFCs”; Electrochimica Acta xxx (2004) xxx-xxx, no month available.
Kim, Y.M. et al.; “Organic-inorganic composite membranes as addition of SiO2 for high temperature-operation in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)”; Electrochimica Acta 49 (2004) 4787-4796, no month available.
Kumar, B. et al.; “Polymer-ceramic composite protonic conductors”; Journal of Power Sources 123 (2003) 132-136, no month available.
Kwak, Sang-Hee et al.; “Polymer composite membrane incorporated with a hygroscopic material for high-temperature PEMFC”; Electrochimica Acta xxx (2004) xxx-xxx, no month available.
Mauritz, K.A.; “Organic-inorganic hybrid materials; perfluorinated ionomers as sol-gel polymerization templates for inorganic alkoxides”; Materials Science and Engineering C 6 (1998) 121-133, no month available.
Nakajima, H. et al.; “High Temperature Proton Conducting Organic/Inorganic Nanohybrids for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane”; Jo8rnal of The Electrochemical Society, 149, (8) A953-A959 (2002), no month available.
Nakamoto, N. et al.; “Medium temperature operation of fuel cells
Kannan Arunachala Nadar Mada
Kurano Matthew Robert
Taft, III Karl Milton
Bedi Ben
Bell Bruce F.
Dechert LLP
Hoku Scientific, Inc.
LandOfFree
Composite polymer electrolytes for proton exchange membrane... does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Composite polymer electrolytes for proton exchange membrane..., we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Composite polymer electrolytes for proton exchange membrane... will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-3559527