Composite materials containing nanoscalar particles, process for

Details Composite materials containing nanoscalar particles, process for Composite materials containing nanoscalar particles, process for

1994-06-28

1995-11-28

Spekely, Peter

Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser

Synthetic resins

At least one aryl ring which is part of a fused or bridged...

524779, 524780, 524781, 524783, 524784, 524786, 522 79, 522 80, 522 81, 522 83, C08K 310, C08K 322, C08K 316, C08K 330

Patent

active

054709105

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to composite materials that contain nanoscaled particles (also called "clusters" in the following) in a polymer matrix. Furthermore, the invention relates to a process for the production of such composite materials, where sols of nanoscaled metal antimonides, metal arsenides, metal chalcogenides, metal halogenides or metal phosphides are stabilized using special stabilizers and then condensed or polymerized into a polymer matrix. Finally the invention relates to the application of the transparent composite materials, prepared in this manner, for optical elements.
In the present application all references to the periodic system of elements refer to the IUPAC recommendation of 1986. By chalcogenides are understood oxides (including oxide hydrates, oxide/hydroxides) and hydroxides, sulfides, selenides and tellurides. The term halogenides includes fluorides, chlorides, bromides and iodides.
The subject matter of the invention is a process for producing composite materials that contain nanoscaled particles, in which process the groups 6 to 15 of the periodic system or lanthanides, chalcogenides, halogenides or phosphides of the metal of the metal compound (a) in the present of a group and at least one group, which can be converted through polymerization or polycondensation into an organic or inorganic network, photochemically into a polymer, and be converted into an inorganic network are conducted, and the material is cured thermally or photochemically.
In the process according to the invention compounds of metals of groups 6 to 15 of the periodic system that are soluble in organic solvents or of lanthanides are used as the starting materials.
Specific metals are Cr, Mo, W (group 6), Mn, Re (group 7), Fe, Ru (group 8), Co, Rh (group 9), Ni, Pd, Pt (group 10), Cu, Ag, Au (group 11), Zn, Cd, Hg (group 12), Al, Ga, In (group 13), Ge, Sn, Pb (group 14) and As, Sb, Bi (group 15) and La, Ce, Gd, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Er, Tb (lanthanides).
Suitable metal compounds (a) are compounds that are soluble in the solvent that is used, such as salts (e.g. halogenides, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates), complex salts (e.g. tetrafluoroborates, hexachloroplatinates), alcoholates (e.g. methylates, ethylates, isopropylates, butylates, glycolates), phenolates, carbonates, carboxylates (e.g. formiates, acetates, propionates, oxalates, succinates, benzoates), hydrides, complexes (coordination compounds like ammine complexes, amine complexes, cyano complexes and chelates like acetylacetonates, aminocarboxylates), metallo-organic compounds (e.g. carbonyl complexes, nitrosyl, .sigma.- and .pi.-complexes).
The precipitating reagent (b) is a compound, which forms during the reaction with the metal compound (a) an antimonide, arsenside, chalcogenide, halogenide or phosphide of the metal. Suitable precipitating reagents (b) are, for example, salts, which are soluble in the reaction medium (e.g. alkali- or alkali earth metal salts) of the corresponding anions (antimonides, arsenides, hydroxides, sulfides, selenides, telurides, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides, phosphides) or corresponding hydrogen compounds (e.g. SbH.sub.3, AsH.sub.3, H.sub.2 S, H.sub.2 Se, H.sub.2 Te, HCl, HBr, HI, PH.sub.3). Furthermore, reactive compounds, which release in situ the actual precipitating agent, can be used as the precipitating reagents (b). Examples are the release of H.sub.2 S from tetrasulfides through reaction with NaBH.sub.4, the production of hydroxyl ions by means of ammonia, amines (e.g. alkylamines, hexamethylene tetramine) or urea and the production of hydrohalic acids through hydrolysis of carboxylic acid halogenides.
The metal compound (a) and the precipitating reagent (b) are selected in such a manner that a compound that is insoluble or slightly soluble in the reaction medium is produced as a sol.
Specific examples of produceable nanoscaled particles are oxides like ZnO, CdO, SiO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2, SnO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, In.sub.2 O.sub.3, La.sub.2 O.sub.3, Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, Cu.sub.2 O, MoO.sub.3, o

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patent: 5314947 (1994-05-01), Sawaragi
patent: 5322888 (1994-06-01), Kato et al.

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