Stock material or miscellaneous articles – Structurally defined web or sheet – Honeycomb-like
Patent
1984-01-09
1988-08-30
Bell, James J.
Stock material or miscellaneous articles
Structurally defined web or sheet
Honeycomb-like
1563074, 2441292, 244133, 244158A, 428246, 428408, 428435, 4284735, 428902, 428920, B32B 312
Patent
active
047676566
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
DESCRIPTION
This invention relates to composite material structures and, more particularly, to such a structure that is load-bearing and that retains its structural strength and resists flame penetration for defined minimum time periods when exposed to intense heat and flame.
2. Background Art
It is well-known that certain areas in an aircraft contain both a potential source of ignition and potential leakage of flammable liquid and/or vapor. In some of these areas, it is not possible to separate the potential ignition sources and any such leakage. Areas in commercial aircraft in which this separation cannot be accomplished are defined as fire zones and are required by the Federal Aeronautics Administration (FAA) to be separated from the rest of the aircraft by "fireproof" firewalls. Under FAA regulations, "fireproof" means able to withstand exposure to heat and flame at least as well as steel, or able to withstand exposure to a 2,000 degree F. flame for fifteen minutes without flame penetration. Designated fire zones include the regions in which each engine, auxiliary power unit, fuel-burning heater, and other combustion equipment intended for operation in flight are located. For example, the combustion, turbine, and tailpipe sections of turbine engines must be isolated from the rest of the aircraft.
In order to meet the FAA requirements, composite structures in engine nacelle and auxiliary power unit high temperature environments must be provided with flame and thermal protection. Known methods for providing such protection involve the use of nonstructural devices to shield the composite material structure. The methods presently in use include the application of a spray-on coating to the surface to be protected and the provision of insulation in the form of a blanket in front of the surface to be protected. These methods have serious drawbacks since they tend to add to the cost of the aircraft, they add to the weight of the aircraft, and they are relatively difficult and expensive to maintain. Spray-on coatings are subject to cracking and peeling and therefore must be repaired or replaced fairly frequently. In addition, spray-on coatings are relatively difficult and time-consuming to inspect, further adding to the maintenance costs. Blanket insulation systems add extra weight to the aircraft, consume valuable space in the aircraft, and are fairly costly to produce. In addition, in known blankets insulation systems the blanket is generally adhesively bonded to the structure being protected. The adhesive bond is subject to peeling problems which add to the cost of maintenance and detract from the reliability of the protection provided.
The patent literature contains a very large number of approaches to providing fire protection. The following U.S. patents each disclose structures made from metal or mostly from metal that are used in the construction of aircraft-type engines or as firewalls in the immediate vicinity of such engines: U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,405,785, granted Aug. 13, 1946 to R. H. Goddard; 2,532,709, granted Dec. 5, 1950, to R. H. Goddard; 2,551,112, granted May 1, 1951, to R. H. Goddard; 2,551,115, granted May 1, 1951, to R. H. Goddard; 2,795,109, granted June 11, 1957, to W. Hryniszak; 2,986,878, granted June 6, 1961, to S. J. Townsend; 3,352,105, granted Nov. 14, 1967, to N. P. Cox et al; and 3,779,006, granted Dec. 18, 1973, to B. Lewis et al.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,632,743, granted Mar. 24, 1953, to L. W. Eckert, and 4,095,985, granted June 20, 1978, to W. F. Brown disclose five retardant coatings for application to surfaces requiring fire protection. U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,743,188, granted Apr. 24, 1956, to S. N. Hunter, 4,097,385, granted June 27, 1978, to W. von Bonin, and 4,104,073, granted Aug. 1, 1978, to Y. Koide et al each disclose a fire resistant putty or sealer. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,849,178, granted Nov. 19, 1974, to R. Feldman, 3,916,057, granted Oct. 28, 1975, to R. A. Hatch et al, and 4,156,752, granted May 29, 1979, to S. R. Riccitiello et al disclose intumescent materials. U.S. Pat. No. 3,875,1
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Chee Wan T.
McLaren Douglas
Therrien Keith E.
Bell James J.
Pauly Joan H.
The Boeing Company
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