Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – Mixing of two or more solid polymers; mixing of solid...
Reexamination Certificate
2005-11-08
2005-11-08
Cheung, William K. (Department: 1713)
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
Mixing of two or more solid polymers; mixing of solid...
C525S328400, C525S328500, C429S006000, C429S006000, C521S027000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06962959
ABSTRACT:
A covalent crosslinking of ion-conducting materials via sulfonic acid groups can be applied to various low cost electrolyte membrane base materials for improved fuel cell performance metrics relative to such base material. This proposed approach is due, in part, to the observation that many aromatic and aliphatic polymer materials have significant potential as proton exchange membranes if a modification can increase their physical and chemical stabilities without sacrificing electrochemical performance or significantly increasing the material and production costs.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3282875 (1966-11-01), Connolly et al.
patent: 4320224 (1982-03-01), Rose et al.
patent: 4330654 (1982-05-01), Ezzell et al.
patent: 4419486 (1983-12-01), Rose
patent: 4625000 (1986-11-01), Chao et al.
patent: 5122587 (1992-06-01), Heinz et al.
patent: 5248566 (1993-09-01), Kumar et al.
patent: 5272017 (1993-12-01), Swathirajan et al.
patent: 5438082 (1995-08-01), Helmer-Metzmann et al.
patent: 5547551 (1996-08-01), Bahar et al.
patent: 5547777 (1996-08-01), Richards
patent: 5599614 (1997-02-01), Bahar et al.
patent: 5635041 (1997-06-01), Bahar et al.
patent: 5716727 (1998-02-01), Savinell et al.
patent: 5766787 (1998-06-01), Watanabe et al.
patent: 5795496 (1998-08-01), Yen et al.
patent: 5942347 (1999-08-01), Koncar et al.
patent: 5958354 (1999-09-01), Thompson et al.
patent: 6042958 (2000-03-01), Denton et al.
patent: 6045935 (2000-04-01), Ketcham et al.
patent: 6059943 (2000-05-01), Murphy et al.
patent: 6090895 (2000-07-01), Mao et al.
patent: 6096449 (2000-08-01), Fuglevand et al.
patent: 6099988 (2000-08-01), Savinell et al.
patent: 6248469 (2001-06-01), Formato et al.
patent: 6355149 (2002-03-01), Soczka-Guth et al.
patent: 6355370 (2002-03-01), Katoh et al.
patent: 6365294 (2002-04-01), Pintauro et al.
patent: 6387230 (2002-05-01), Murphy et al.
patent: 6387556 (2002-05-01), Fuglevand et al.
patent: 6509441 (2003-01-01), Kerres
patent: 6521690 (2003-02-01), Ross et al.
patent: 6523699 (2003-02-01), Akita et al.
patent: 6552135 (2003-04-01), Schnurnberger et al.
patent: 6576100 (2003-06-01), Arcella et al.
patent: 6630265 (2003-10-01), Taft et al.
patent: 6706834 (2004-03-01), Wlassics et al.
patent: 2002/0091225 (2002-07-01), McGrath et al.
patent: 2002/0094466 (2002-07-01), Kerres et al.
patent: 2003/0032739 (2003-02-01), Kerres et al.
patent: 2003/0059682 (2003-03-01), Kerr et al.
patent: 2003/0153700 (2003-08-01), Wu et al.
patent: 2004/0122178 (2004-06-01), Huang et al.
Adjemian, K.T. et al.; “Silicon Oxide Nafion Composite Membranes for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Operation at 80-140° C.”, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 149(3) A256-A261 (2002).
Aranda, Pilar et al.; “Poly(ethylene oxide)/NH4+-smectite nanocomposites”; Applied Clay Science 15 (1999) 119-135.
Chen, Hsien-Wei et al.; “The novel polymer electrolyte nanocomposite composed of poly(ethylene oxide), lithium triflate and mineral clay”; Polymer 42 (2001) 9763-9769.
Costamagna, P. et al., “Nafion 115/zirconium phosphate composite membranes for operation of PEMFCs above 100° C.”; Electrochimica Acta 47 (2002) 1023-1033.
Costamagna, Paola et al.; “Quantum jumps in the PEMFC science and technology from the 1960s to the year 2000, Part I. Fundamental scientific aspects”; Journal of Power Sources 102 (2001) 242-252.
Costamagna, Paola et al.; “Quantum jumps in the PEMFC science and technology from the 1960s to the year 2000, Part II. Engineering, technology development and application aspects”; Journal of Power Sources 102 (2001) 253-269.
Jung, Doo Hwan et al.; “A performance evaluation of direct methanol fuel cell using impregnated tetraethyl-orthosilicate in cross-linked polymer membrane”; International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 26 (2001) 1263-1269.
Kaur, S. et al.; “Cross-linking of sulfonated styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock polymer via sulfonamide linkages”; Polymer 43 (2002) 5163-5167.
Kerres, J. et al.; “Application of Different Types of Polyaryl-Blend-Membranes in DMFC”; Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 5, 97-107 (2002).
Kerres, J. et al.; “Synthesis and characterization of polyaryl blend membranes having different composition, different covalent and /or ionical cross-linking density, and their application to DMFC”; Desalination 147 (2002) 173-178.
Kim, Yu Seung et al.; “Fabrication and characterization of heteropolyacid (H3PW12O40)/directly polymerized sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymer composite membranes for higher temperature fuel cell applications”; Journal of Membrane Science 212 (2003) 263-282.
Kobayashi, T. et al.; “Proton-conducting polymers derived from poly(ether-etherketone) and poly(4-phenoxybenzoyl-1,4-phenylene)”; Soldi State Ionics 106 (1998) 219-225.
Liao, Bing et al.; “Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites. 1. A study of poly(ethylene oxide)/Na+—montmorillonite nanocomposites as fillers for reinforcement of polyethylene”; Polymer 42 (2001) 10007-10011.
Miyake, N. et al.; “Evaluation of a Sol-Gel Derived Nafion/Silica Hybrid Membrane for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Applications”; Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 148 (8) A905-A909 (2001).
Nunes, S.P. et al.; “Inorganic modification of proton conductive polymer membranes for direct methanol fuel cells”; Journal of Membrane Science 203 (2002) 215-225.
Park, Yong-il et al.; “Proton exchange nanocomposite membranes based on 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, silicotungstic acid and α-zirconium phosphate hydrate”; Solid State Ionics 145 (2001) 149-160.
Ruiz-Hitzky, Eduardo et al.; “Proton conductivity in A1-montmorillionite pillared clays”; Solid State Ionics 85 (1996) 313-317.
Shirai, Masamitsu et al.; “Photo-assisted thermal crosslinking of polymers having imino sulfonate units”; Reactive & Functional polymers 37 (1998) 147-154.
Staiti, P. et al.; “Hybrid Nafion-silica membranes doped with heteropolyacids for application in direct methanol fuel cells”; Solid State Ionics 145 (2001) 101-107.
Staiti, Pietro; “Proton conductive membranes based on silicotungstic acid/silica and polybenzimidazole”; Materials Letters 47 (2001) 241-246.
Szücs, Anna et al.; “Preparation and hydrogen sorption of Pd nanoparticles on Al2O3pillared clays”; Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 139 (1998) 109-118.
Tazi, B. et al.; “Parameters of PEM fuel-cells based on new membranes fabricated from Nafion, silicotungstic acid and thiophene”; Electrochimica Acta 45 (2000) 4329-4339.
Tchicaya-Bouckary, L. et al.; “Hybrid Polyaryletherketone Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications”; Fuel Cells 2002, 2, No. 1, 1-6.
Tsyurupa, M.P.; “Hypercrosslinked polymers: basic principle of preparing the new class of polymeric materials”; Reactive and Functional Polymers; vol. 53; Issues 2-3; Dec. 2002; 193-203.
Xiao, Guyu et al.; “Synthesis and characterization of novel sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone)s derived from 4,41-sulfonyl-diphenol”; Polymer Bulletin 48, 309-315 (2002).
Yao, K.J. et al.; “Polymer/layered clay nanocomposites: 2 polyurethane nanocomposites” Polymer 43 (2002) 1017-1020.
Zaidi S.M.J., et al., “Proton conducting composite membranes from polyether ether ketone and heteropolyacids for fuel cell applications”; Journal of Membrane Science 173 (2000) 17-34.
Graves, R. et al.; “Polyphosphazene Membranes. II. Solid-State Photocrosslinking of Poly [(alkylphenoxy) (phenoxy) phosphazene] Films”; Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 68. 827-836 (1998).
Kuver, A. et al.; “Comparative study of methanol crossover across electropolymerized and commercial proton exchange membrane electrolytes for the acid direct methanol fuel cell”; Electrochimica Acta. Vo. 43, No
Kannan Arunachala Nadar Mada
Kurano Matthew Robert
Panambur Gangadhar
Taft, III Karl Milton
Bedi Ben
Cheung William K.
Dechert LLP
Hoku Scientific, Inc.
LandOfFree
Composite electrolyte with crosslinking agents does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Composite electrolyte with crosslinking agents, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Composite electrolyte with crosslinking agents will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-3518265