Metal treatment – Process of modifying or maintaining internal physical... – Heating or cooling of solid metal
Patent
1996-08-21
1998-10-13
Silverberg, Sam
Metal treatment
Process of modifying or maintaining internal physical...
Heating or cooling of solid metal
148421, 501134, C22C 1400
Patent
active
058207074
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/214,233, filed Mar. 17, 1994, by way of International Application No. PCT/US95/03314, with an International filing date of Mar. 17, 1995.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the manufacture of ceramic layers on metal, shaped ceramic bodies, cermet articles, composite articles, and alloys used in such manufacture and more particularly to the field of reaction formed ceramics, articles made thereby, and alloys for use in their manufacture.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Many of the alloys of titanium with zirconium or hafnium are characterized by their extraordinarily rapid oxidation in air at only modestly elevated temperatures. This characteristic has severely limited the usefulness of such alloys for many applications that could otherwise advantageously use the other physical properties of those alloys. In particular, the light weight, high strength and corrosion resistance of the alloys, as well as their electrical conductivity properties, biocompatibility, ease of closed-die forming and other desirable properties have not been fully exploited due to the potential ignition of the alloy in air at relatively low temperatures. Currently available processes for reducing the oxidation of these alloys during working have not completely solved the oxidation problem.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide utility to a class of titanium and zirconium alloys. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method of fabricating a class of reaction formed ceramics directly formed from such alloys and articles produced thereby. It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide a method for forming adherent surfaces on such metal alloys which are hard, smooth, substantially inert and suitable for a wide variety of applications from cutlery to implantable prosthetic devices, and a method for renewing such monolithic surfaces.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a graphical representation of some of the results reported in Table III of the weight gain of particular alloys at 700.degree. C. as a function of time.
FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of some of the results reported in Table III of the weight gain of particular alloys at 800.degree. C. as a function of time.
FIG. 3 is a graphical representation of the effect on the oxidation rate for Ti--Zr alloys of the addition of various amounts of niobium.
FIG. 4 is a Ternary Oxidation Diagram showing in atomic percentages the passivation range of titanium rich, zirconium alloys passivated by the addition of various amounts of niobium.
FIG. 5 is a phase diagram at 1500.degree. C. of mixed titanium, zirconium and niobium oxides published by Levin, E. and H. McMurdie, Phase Diagrams for Ceramists, 1975 Supplement, p. 169 American Ceramic Society.
FIG. 6 is a photomicrograph of a tilted sample of passivated Ti--Zr--Nb alloy according to this invention that has been oxidized in air for 10 minutes at 750.degree. C. showing the surface of the sample.
FIG. 7 is a photomicrograph of a tilted sample of passivated Ti--Zr--Nb alloy according to this invention that has been oxidized in air for 20 minutes at 750.degree. C. showing the surface of the sample.
FIG. 8 is a photomicrograph of a tilted sample of passivated Ti--Zr--Nb alloy according to this invention that has been oxidized in air for 30 minutes at 750.degree. C. showing the surface of the sample.
FIG. 9 is a photomicrograph of pure Zirconium nitrided for one hour at 1200.degree. C.
FIG. 10 is a photomicrograph of titanium nitrided for one hour at 1200.degree. C.
FIG. 11 is a photomicrograph of a passivated Ti--Zr--Nb alloy according to this invention that has been nitrided for one hour at 1200.degree. C.
FIG. 12 is a photomicrograph of a passivated Ti--Zr--Nb alloy according to this invention that has been nitrided for six hours at 1200.degree. C.
FIG. 13 is a photomicrograph of a tilted sample of passivated Ti--Zr--Nb alloy according to
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Amick Darryl Dean
Bhaduri Sarit Behari
Haygarth John C.
Henson Hershel R.
Storey Kent Wayne
Silverberg Sam
Teledyne Industries Inc.
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