Static structures (e.g. – buildings) – Stepped; e.g. – stair
Patent
1990-12-05
1996-01-02
Friedman, Carl D.
Static structures (e.g., buildings)
Stepped; e.g., stair
52189, 52596, 52603, 52612, E04F 1114
Patent
active
054797462
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a component system made up of prefabricated concrete components which are assembled and fastened to each other in a suitable manner to form ground-bearing stairways, platforms, terraces, and similar structures in pedestrian areas and in the surroundings of buildings, for example in connection with entrances.
The use of various so-called landscaping products made of concrete is rapidly increasing in Europe and also in Finland. This increase is due to the general trend in the building industry into shift to the factory as large a proportion as possible of the work to be done, as compared with in situ building.
Nowadays, short flights of stairs or a few ground-bearing steps are most commonly assembled from concrete products manufactured for other purposes, such as rectangular slab and block pavings and curbstones. There is often the disadvantage of unsuitable dimensioning, inferior appearance, and, as a safety decreasing factor, the fact that the parts cannot be fastened to each other in a durable manner. This has inhibited the construction of long, steep but safe heavy-use flights of stairs from separate parts.
For this reason, ground-bearing stairways are today mostly cast in situ in one place. The disadvantages of in-situ casting include high cost, especially in winter conditions, a low quality of the visible surfaces, and the difficulty of achieving sufficient resistance to freezing temperatures as regards the concrete. Under factory conditions, control is more thorough, ensuring higher quality. Attempts are often made to improve the outer appearance by cementing concrete slabs to the steps, which for its part complicates the work.
Simple separate step components and retaining-wall components, as well as curbstones, have been available on the market. However, owing to dimensional and shape incompatibility and to differences in color, it is impossible to assemble these separate parts into a neat structure.
The accompanying FIGS. 1-5 depict the ground-bearing stairway components currently used. They have a great disadvantage in that they cannot be fastened to each other to form framework structures. The ground underneath will serve as the loadbearing structure. Their installation is difficult and slow. In addition, the structure is subject to ground shifts, for example to frost heave.
It is the object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages mentioned above and to provide a component system which fulfills the functional and production-technique requirements listed below:
Because of the risk of shifts in the sub-base it must be possible to fasten the parts to each other and to overlap them. This is both a structural durability requirement and the user's safety requirement. The fastening points must remain hidden in the completed structure; particular, the surfaces to be walked on must not be slippery; landings, ramps, and inner and outer corners from only a few basic components of different shapes; that the molds required are single-part molds in order that the products can be cast like "sand cakes" from zero-slump concrete. In addition, the visible surfaces must be cast against the mold in order to achieve a high-standard outer appearance and non-slippery surface.
The idea of the component system according to the invention is thus that, in one and the same layer of the component structure, either the upright supports of a single slab component, possibly the only upright support of the slab component together with the surrounding ground, or the upright supports of two adjacent slab components constitute at least two support and fastening surfaces for a slab component in the next higher layer. Exceptionally, two adjacent slab components form three support and fastening surfaces for a slab component in the next higher layer. The component which is disposed on top is fastened to these support and fastening surfaces by nailing, for example shooting, by means of a wedge bolt, or by a corresponding method based on drilling a hole, or by cementing. The fastening point
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Friedman Carl D.
Nguyen Kien
Trioplan Oy
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