Measuring and testing – Gas analysis – With compensation detail
Patent
1990-07-30
1992-04-21
Williams, Hezron E.
Measuring and testing
Gas analysis
With compensation detail
73 23420, G01N 3054
Patent
active
051056526
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF APPLICATION
The instrument herein described is proposed for application in chemical analysis involving separation techniques such as in gas chromatography.
TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
The systems presently in use for chromatographic analysis, using gases or supercritical fluids as the mobile phase, utilize large ovens, with volumes on the order of various cubic decimeters, sufficient to accomodate one or more columns and to adequately control the temperature, or the programing of the temperature, using confined hot air. The columns are installed using different types of threaded connectors normally containing appropriate ferrules to avoid fluid leakage.
A complete description of such equipment can be found in the literature on chromatography. We suggest the book "Modern Practice of Gas Chromatography", R. L. Grob, ed., 2.sup.nd edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1985.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Systems built in accordance with this invention have two main portions. One of them is represented by a replaceable capsule which contains an analytical column through which circulates a temperature-controlling fluid, the analytical column is protected against mechanical damage by the capsule container. The small volume of the capsule container permits better temperature control and more rapid and reliable temperature programming when in use. The attachment, and removal, of the column capsule from the instrument is carried out manually, without the need of tools, using planar or spherical connectors without threads. Two connections are for the entrance and exit of the analytical fluid. Two other connections permit the circulation of the temperature control fluid.
Within the other portion of the system there is a unit which activates the circulation of this fluid, which may be heated or cooled, and for control and monitoring of the temperature, controlled through appropriate electronic circuitry. The instrument also has means to permit the entrance of analytical fluid, sample injection into this analytical fluid, and a detector for the partially or completely separated original components, whose signal is transferred, by appropriate electrical connections to an electronic amplifier, for simultaneous or subsequent display.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
An example of the separation system of the invention is illustrated in which:
FIG. 1 is a partially broken away perspective view of one preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the column capsule, showing its coupling means.
FIG. 1 shows a proposed instrument coupled to the column capsule (1) which contains the analytical column (2). The analytical fluid, such as a gas, enters the instrument through opening (3). The sample is introduced into the fluid stream through the injector (4) which has its own independent temperature control system.
The sample is completely or partially separated during its passage through the column and exits from the column into a detector (5), which indicates the presence of the separated components by means of an electronic signal that is received, processed and then registered and in storage means stored (6). After passing through the detector the analytical fluid and sample exit through opening (7).
The temperature control fluid circulates through ducts (8), propelled by a pump (9) activated by a motor (10). The heating or cooling of this fluid is carried out in a small chamber (11) equipped with a heating element, such as a resistor, and with a system to exchange heat with external atmosphere, by convection or forced air circulation. Control of temperature is done by means of appropriate electronic circuitry and monitored by a thermometric system, such as a thermocouple (12).
The operation parameters are controlled and monitored by use of a small panel (13) and appropriate electronics and the resulting information is displayed and/or stored. The equipment operates in alternating current (110/220 volts and 50/60 hertz) with an internal transformer (14).
FIG.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3285055 (1966-11-01), Reinecke
patent: 3305000 (1967-02-01), Bullen et al.
patent: 3403545 (1968-10-01), Carter
patent: 3440397 (1969-04-01), Vesper et al.
patent: 3996017 (1976-12-01), Kaiser
patent: 4044593 (1977-08-01), Haruki et al.
patent: 4057998 (1977-11-01), Moreaux
patent: 4096908 (1978-06-01), Lamy
De Mendonca Jose E.
Manfredi Jose F.
Manfredi Jose Felix
Roskos Joseph W.
Williams Hezron E.
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