Optics: measuring and testing – For optical fiber or waveguide inspection
Reexamination Certificate
2001-04-26
2003-07-15
Nguyen, Tu T. (Department: 2877)
Optics: measuring and testing
For optical fiber or waveguide inspection
Reexamination Certificate
active
06594004
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to an optical time domain reflectometer (hereinafter referred to as an OTDR) and, in particular, to an OTDR for inputting a light pulse into an optical fiber line path and finding an intensity variation of returned light from the optical fiber line path with respect to a time in which the OTDR adopts a technique for achieving an enhanced distance accuracy.
BACKGROUND ART
In the case where the test of a communication system using an optical fiber line path is carried out, use is made of an OTDR 
10
 having a structure as shown in FIG. 
7
.
That is, this OTDR 
10
 is so configured as to input a light pulse from a light pulse generation section 
12
 through a directional couper 
11
 to an optical fiber line path 
1
 as a to-be-tested object connected to a connection terminal 
10
a
, receive the light which is returned back from the optical fiber line path 
1
 at a light receiving unit 
13
 via-the directional coupler 
11
, and, while sampling the receiving signal by an analog/digital (A/D) converter 
14
 with a predetermined frequency, convert it to a digital value.
And this OTDR 
10
 finds a digital value which is outputted from the A/D converter 
14
 until a predetermined time elapses from the inputting of the light pulse, as data representing the transmission characteristic of the optical fiber line path 
1
.
It is to be noted that, in 
FIG. 7
, a measurement control circuit 
15
 outputs a drive pulse Pd to the light pulse generation section 
12
 to allow a light pulse to exit in synchronism with the drive pulse Pd while, on the other hand, the control circuit 
15
 outputs a sampling pulse PS of a predetermined period to the A/D converter 
14
 a predetermined number of times to allow the sampling of a receiving signal.
In the OTDR 
10
 thus configured, a resolution as to the time determines a resolution as to the distance of the characteristic of the optical fiber line path 
1
.
In order to make measurement with a high distance resolution it is necessary to make the period of the sampling pulse Ps of the A/D converter 
14
 smaller.
However, there is a limitation to the sampling speed of the A/D converter 
14
 and, in order to maintain the accuracy of the data higher, a problem arises from the fact that it is not preferable to increase the sampling speed up to its limit.
In order to solve this problem, the conventional OTDR 
10
 does the following.
First, in order to find the characteristic of one optical fiber line path 
1
 a drive pulse Pd of a predetermined width is outputted an M number of times (it is assumed that M=5) as shown in FIG. 
8
A.
And, as shown in 
FIGS. 8B-F
, respective N numbers of sampling pulses Ps (
1
), Ps (
2
), . . . , Ps (
5
) are outputted to the A/D converter 
14
 while delaying their output start timing by a predetermined time &Dgr;T (1/M of a period T of the sampling pulse Ps) with respect to the output timing of the drive pulse Pd at each number of times.
The system of obtaining a series of data by shifting the sampling start timing by “1/an integral number” of the period of the sampling pulse with respect to the analog signal repeatedly inputted with the same waveform is generally called as an interleave sampling.
By performing such sampling based on this interleave sampling it is possible to obtain data equivalent to the case when a signal received from the incidence of the light pulse into the optical fiber line path 
1
 until the passage of an N·T−&Dgr;T time is M·N times continuously sampled with a period &Dgr;T shorter than a period T of the sampling pulse PS, as shown in FIG. 
8
G.
That is, the sampling speed of the A/D converter 
14
 can be made equivalent to that multiplied M times.
In order to relatively delay the output start timing of the sampling pulse Ps by a predetermined time &Dgr;T in this way, the conventional OTDR 
10
 includes the measurement control circuit 
15
 configured as shown in 
FIGS. 9 and 10
.
In the structure as shown in 
FIG. 9
, a clock signal generation circuit 
16
 generates a clock signal CKr of a predetermined period T as a reference.
This clock signal CKr is input to a drive pulse generation circuit 
17
 and to a plurality of delay elements 
18
 (
1
), 
18
 (
2
), . . . , 
18
 (M).
The drive pulse generation circuit 
17
 is so configured that, upon receipt of a start signal for designating a measurement start, it outputs a drive pulse Pd of a predetermined time width, an M number of times, in synchronization with the clock signal CKr with a period longer than N times the period T of the clock signal CKr.
The delay elements 
18
 (
1
), 
18
 (
2
), . . . , 
18
 (M) output the inputted clock signals CKr to the select circuit 
19
 while being delayed by 0, &Dgr;T, 2&Dgr;T/, . . . , (M−1) &Dgr;T.
The select circuit 
19
 selectively provides, as a sampling pulse Ps, an output out of these outputs of the delay elements 
18
 (
1
), 
18
 (
2
), . . . , 
18
 (M) which is designated from a switching circuit 
20
.
The switching circuit 
20
 sets the select circuit 
19
 in a non-select state until receiving a start signal and, upon receipt of the start signal, causes the select circuit 
19
 to select an output of the delay circuit 
18
 (
1
).
When, by doing so, an N number of sampling pulses Ps are outputted from the select circuit 
19
, the switching circuit 
20
 again sets the select circuit 
19
 in a non-select state.
And the switching circuit 
20
 causes the output of the delay element 
18
 (
2
) to be selected by the select circuit 
19
 upon receipt of the next drive pulse as an output pulse.
By doing so, when a predetermined N number of sampling pulses Ps are outputted from the select circuit 
19
, the switching circuit 
20
 again sets the select circuit 
19
 in a non-select state.
In the same way as set out above, the switching circuit 
20
 causes the select circuit 
19
 to select the outputs of the delay elements 
18
 (
3
), . . . , 
18
 (M).
When the output of the last delay element 
18
(M) is selected by the select circuit 
19
 and the predetermined number N of sampling pulses Ps are outputted, then the switching circuit 
20
 causes the select circuit 
19
 to be set to the non-select state, thus waiting for the inputting of the next start signal.
By the select operation by the switching circuit 
20
 of the delay elements 
18
 (
1
), 
18
 (
2
), . . . , 
18
 (M) it is possible to provide respective N numbers of sampling pulses Ps (
1
), Ps (
2
), . . . , Ps (M), as shown in 
FIGS. 8A
 to G, to the A/D converter 
14
 while delaying the output start timing by a predetermined time &Dgr;T with respect to the output timing of the drive pulse Pd at each number of times.
In an arrangement shown in 
FIG. 10
, a clock signal CKr outputted from a clock signal generation circuit 
16
 is divided by a frequency divider 
21
 into, for example, four frequency division parts which are inputted as a frequency divided signal CKd to an integrating circuit 
22
.
The integrating circuit 
22
 integrates the frequency divided signal CKd and outputs a ramp function signal V (=&agr;t) for example, with a voltage V increasing from 0 volt in proportion (proportional constant &agr;) to a time t with its high level time point as a reference.
The ramp function signal V, together with a reference voltage Vr from a reference voltage generator 
23
, is inputted to a comparator 
24
 where comparison is made between the ramp function signal V and the reference voltage Vr.
At a timing that the ramp function signal V coincides with the reference voltage Vr and the output of the comparator 
24
 is inverted, a drive pulse generation circuit 
17
 outputs a drive pulse Pd of a predetermined width while, on the other hand, a sampling pulse generation circuit 
25
 starts to output an N number of sampling pulses Ps in synchronization with the clock signal CKr.
Until receiving a start signal, the switching circuit 
26
 sets the reference voltage Vr which is outputted from the reference voltage generator 
23
 to a voltage higher than a maximal value of the ramp function signal V outputte
Anritsu Corporation
Frishauf Holtz Goodman & Chick P.C.
Nguyen Tu T.
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