Internal-combustion engines – Charge forming device – Fuel injection system
Patent
1995-06-16
1999-11-16
Miller, Carl S.
Internal-combustion engines
Charge forming device
Fuel injection system
123456, F02M 3704
Patent
active
059838639
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a fuel system for an internal combustion engine and more particularly to a fuel system for a multi-cylinder compression ignition engine including a high pressure fuel pump and fuel accumulator.
BACKGROUND
For well over 75 years the internal combustion engine has been mankind's primary source of motive power. It would be difficult to overstate its importance or the engineering effort expended in seeking its perfection. So mature and well understood is the art of internal combustion engine design that most so called "new" engine designs are merely designs made up of choices among a variety of known alternatives. For example, an improved output torque curve can easily be achieved by sacrificing engine fuel economy. Emissions abatement or improved reliability can also be achieved with an increase in cost. Still other objectives can be achieved such as increased power and reduced size and/or weight but normally at a sacrifice of both fuel efficiency and low cost.
An engine's fuel system is the component which often has the greatest impact on performance and cost. Accordingly, fuel systems for internal combustion engines have received a significant portion of the total engineering effort expended to date on the development of the internal combustion engine. For this reason, today's engine designer has an extraordinary array of choices and possible permutations of known fuel system concepts. Design effort typically involves extremely complex and subtle compromises among cost, size, reliability, performance, ease of manufacture and backward compatibility with existing engine designs.
The challenge to contemporary designers has been significantly increased by the need to respond to governmentally mandated emissions abatement standards while maintaining or improving fuel efficiency. In view of the mature nature of fuel system designs, it is extremely difficult to extract both improved engine performance and emissions abatement from further innovations in the fuel system art. Yet the need for such innovations has never been greater in view of the series of escalating emissions standards mandated for the future by the United States government. Meeting these standards, especially those for ignition compression engines, will require substantial innovations in fuel systems unless engine manufacturers are prepared to adopt significantly more costly fuel systems and/or engine redesigns. For example, Cummins Engine Company, Inc., assignee of the subject application, presently manufactures a pair of mid-range compression ignition engines identified as the B series and C series (5.9 and 8.3 liters displacement respectively). These engines employ a state of the art pump-line-nozzle (PLN) type of fuel system provided to Cummins by another manufacturer. However, this type of fuel system will not permit the B and C series engines to meet the future emissions abatement standards imposed by the United States government.
Among the universe of known fuel systems are several concepts which would appear initially to provide a possible solution to the requirement for improved emissions abatement and satisfactory engine performance. However, for the various reasons outlined below these systems are inadequate.
One possibility pioneered by the assignee of this invention is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,042,445 to Peters et al. This patent discloses a cam driven unit injector designed to provide very high injection pressures (30,000 psi or higher) even at low engine speeds. Such high injection pressures promote better fuel vaporization during injection thereby helping to assure complete combustion and thus reduced emissions in the engine exhaust. Implementation of this concept requires a unit injector (defined as a single unit device combining a fuel injection nozzle and high pressure pump) adjacent each engine cylinder wherein the injector is designed to achieve the desired high injection pressure at low engine speeds. The Peters et al injector is equipped with a hydraulic variable length chambe
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Delano W. Beale
Doszpoly Bela
Guluk Alexander
Kraus Richard D.
Brackett Jr. Tim L.
Cummins Engine Company, Inc.
Leedom Jr. Charles M.
Miller Carl S.
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