Combustion – Flame holder having protective flame enclosing or flame... – Tubular member delineates flame
Patent
1990-04-26
1992-07-21
Price, Carl D.
Combustion
Flame holder having protective flame enclosing or flame...
Tubular member delineates flame
431354, 431355, 431158, 431160, F23A 1462, F23A 1410
Patent
active
051318407
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a burner device for combustion of a combustible mixture consisting of two fluid components.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
In combustion processes of the kind taking place in modern internal combustion engines, a distinction is made between closed and open systems. In a closed system, there is a closed combustion space in which fuel and an oxidizer are mixed together, combusted and then perform mechanical work or generate heat through expansion of the combustion gases.
In an open system, fuel and an oxidizer are combusted in a combustion chamber and the combustion gases issue as a jet from an opening in the combustion chamber. The gas jet can be employed as, for example, the drive medium in aircraft, space vehicles or turbines, as well as other purposes, such as heating. In open systems, a high flow speed of the fuel and oxidizer into the combustion chamber has a disadvantageous effect on ignition. The range of the mixture ratio of propellant and oxidizer in which ignition is possible (ignitability range) becomes smaller with increase in flow speed or combustion chamber pressure.
If the fuel and oxidizer mixture ratio necessary for ignition can not be adhered to, so-called flame-outs occur. The flame front tears off and unburnt media flow through the combustion chamber. In the case of propellants which are extremely inhomogeneous, adhering to this range requires costly auxiliary systems. In the case of propellants which burn very rapidly or even detonate, for example hydrogen, the ignitability range becomes extremely small at higher flow speeds and, in dependence thereon, higher combustion chamber pressures. The thermal influences can lead to the ignitability range deviating to such an extent that flame-outs occur.
In the case of thermally favorable combustions of lean mixtures, there is again a very small ignitability range at higher flow speeds of the media to be burnt and, in dependence thereon, high combustion chamber pressures. Here, too, the risk of flame-outs is very high. In order to achieve high thermal efficiencies, a costly construction with a preliminary combustion chamber and valves must be used in open systems.
A different solution for elimination of the ignition problem would be to enrich the mixture well beyond the stoichiometric equilibrium. However, this would lead to worse thermal efficiencies. A catalytic remedy would be very costly and, possibly, also harmful to the environment.
In U.S. Pat. No. 3,733,165, there is described a combustion device for combustion of a combustible mixture of two fluid components of which at least one is fed at a high pressure or high speed, comprising a housing with a chamber, means for feeding the first and second component and for mixing thereof, an outlet opening for combustion gases, an injector pipe which projects into the chamber housing in direction of the outlet opening thereof and which has an axial bore for the feed of the first component, a construction in the axial bore, and at least one inclined channel extending radially and at an inclination relation to the injector axis from the interior of the chamber housing and with its inner end oriented in direction of the axial bore, through which channel flows a part of the second component entering into the chamber housing and mixes in the first axial bore with the first component. This combustion device does not address problems which arise from a less than stoichiometric combustion, i.e. from the combustion of a lean mixture, in particular at high flow speeds.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention therefore has the object of creating a burner device for combustion of a fluid fuel with a fluid oxidiser, by which, in particular, ignition problems arising in the case of lean mixture are avoided.
This object is met by the invention in that the chamber housing is longer than the part of the injector pipe that projects into the chamber housing, the injector pipe has a larger rearward axial bore at its end oriented towards the outlet opening,
REFERENCES:
patent: 1069243 (1913-08-01), Fogler
patent: 1802137 (1931-04-01), Cremer et al.
patent: 1838903 (1931-12-01), Buschow
patent: 1994547 (1935-03-01), Urquhart
patent: 2450790 (1948-10-01), Greaves
patent: 3733165 (1973-05-01), Nakagawa et al.
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