Fuel and related compositions – Liquid fuels – Heterocyclic carbon compound containing a hetero ring having...
Patent
1999-09-30
2000-12-05
Johnson, Jerry D.
Fuel and related compositions
Liquid fuels
Heterocyclic carbon compound containing a hetero ring having...
44300, 44308, C10L 118, C10L 116
Patent
active
061560812
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims the benefit of Copending International Application PCT/US98/06919, filed Apr. 8, 1998.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates generally to fuel additive compositions and in particular to combustion catalyst compositions which when blended into liquid hydrocarbon-base fuels reduce deposits in internal combustion engines, inhibit corrosion in fuel systems and facilitate a more efficient oxidation of fuel for improved fuel mileage and reduced exhaust emissions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Fuel additives are used today to improve the performance of gasoline and diesel fuels either because the hydrocarbon components themselves contain some deficiency or adding a small amount of an additive is more effective than changing the composition of these fuels. The primary thrust of research and development in the field of fuel additives has been towards attempting to provide fuels which contain deposit control additives. Effectively controlling or inhibiting deposit formations in the intake system, such as carburetor, valves, etc., of internal combustion engines can improve fuel efficiency. However, this must be accomplished without contributing to combustion chamber deposits which can produce harmful exhaust emissions with subsequent damage to catalytic converters and the environment.
Deposits in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine can contribute to an increase in smoke and exhaust emissions. Smoke originates principally from two sources within the engine: first, unburned or partly oxidized fuel, and second, unburned carbon that has been formed by thermal decomposition of the fuel that has not reacted with oxygen. Thus, a chemically correct and uniform mixture of fuel and air is necessary at the instant of ignition for fuel efficiency. However, this can only be accomplished if fuel and carbon deposits are prevented from inhibiting the flow of air and fuel into the combustion chamber.
In addition to unwanted deposits in an engine, inclusion of water in hydrocarbon-base fuels may reduce fuel oxidation and cause a blockage in the fuel system. Water may be present from moisture condensing out of hot fuel as it cools in storage tanks or pipelines. Also, acidic or caustic water may be carried over inadvertently from various processes in the refinery. Corrosion-causing free water in the fuel system of a vehicle can lead to severe problems. Not only can leaks develop in automobile fuel tanks, but particles of rust can block fuel lines, filters, fuel injection nozzles and critical carburetor orifices, such as jets. Moreover, water in fuel can prevent ignition and/or complete oxidation of the fuel. As a result, there is an increased need for adding corrosion inhibitors to hydrocarbon-base fuels.
Accordingly, improved fuel additive compositions are needed that inhibit corrosion in the fuel system, reduce incomplete combustion deposits, reduce exhaust emissions, and increase fuel combustion and efficiency.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a group of combustion catalyst compositions for blending with combustible liquid hydrocarbon-base fuels that are designed to improve fuel combustion and efficiency, inhibit corrosion, reduce exhaust emissions and reduce the deposition of carbon in an engine. Also, the combustion catalyst compositions are stable and hydrocarbon-base fuel miscible, with no undesirable side effects on fuel performance or on fuel storage stability. Moreover, the combustion catalyst compositions of the present invention may be mixed with fuel in bulk either at the refinery, at a distribution center, or at point of sale. The compositions can also be mixed with fuel in a gas tank of a vehicle by the operator of the vehicle.
For purposes of this invention, the terms and expressions below, appearing in the specification and claims, are intended to have the following meanings:
"Combustion Catalyst" or variations thereof means a fuel additive which enhances the combustion of primary fuel to improve the
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patent: 3273981 (1966-09-01), Furey
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patent: 4968321 (1990-11-01), Sung et al.
Combustion Technologies, Inc.
Ellis Howard M.
Fuierer Marianne
Johnson Jerry D.
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