Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Having -c- – wherein x is chalcogen – bonded directly to...
Reexamination Certificate
1999-12-17
2003-05-13
Webman, Edward J. (Department: 1617)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Having -c-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to...
C514S252130, C514S824000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06562860
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to methods of treating cardiovascular diseases, and specifically relates to combinations of compounds, compositions, and methods for their use in medicine, particularly in the prophylaxis and treatment of hyperlipidemic conditions such as are associated with atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, and other coronary artery disease in mammals. More particularly, the invention relates to ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibiting compounds. The invention also relates to bile acid sequestering compounds.
2. Description of Related Art
It is well-settled that hyperlipidemic conditions associated with elevated concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol are major risk factors for coronary heart disease and particularly atherosclerosis. Since high levels of LDL cholesterol increase the risk of atherosclerosis, methods for lowering plasma LDL cholesterol would be therapeutically beneficial for the treatment of atherosclerosis and other diseases associated with accumulation of lipid in the blood vessels. These diseases include, but are not limited to, coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke.
Atherosclerosis underlies most coronary artery disease (CAD), a major cause of morbidity and mortality in modern society. High LDL cholesterol (above about 180 mg/dl) and low HDL cholesterol (below 35 mg/dl) have been shown to be important contributors to the development of atherosclerosis. Other diseases or risk factors, such as peripheral vascular disease, stroke, and hypercholesterolaemia are negatively affected by adverse HDL/LDL ratios.
Interfering with the recirculation of bile acids from the lumen of the intestinal tract is found to reduce the levels of serum cholesterol in a causal relationship. Epidemiological data has accumulated which indicates such reduction leads to an improvement in the disease state of atherosclerosis. Stedronsky, in “Interaction of bile acids and cholesterol with nonsystemic agents having hypocholesterolemic properties,”
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,
1210, 255-287 (1994) discusses the biochemistry, physiology and known active agents surrounding bile acids and cholesterol.
Transient pathophysiologic alterations are shown to be consistent with interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in humans with an inherited lack of IBAT activity, as reported by Heubi, J. E., et al. See “Primary Bile Acid Malabsorption: Defective in Vitro Ileal Active Bile Acid Transport”,
Gastroenterology,
83, 804-11 (1982).
In another approach to the reduction of recirculation of bile acids, the ileal bile acid transport system is a putative pharmaceutical target for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia based on an interruption of the enterohepatic circulation with specific transport inhibitors (Kramer, et al., “Intestinal Bile Acid Absorption”
The Journal of Biological Chemistry,
268 (24), 18035-46 (1993).
In several individual patent applications, Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft discloses polymers of various naturally occurring constituents of the enterohepatic circulation system and their derivatives, including bile acid, which inhibit the physiological bile acid transport with the goal of reducing the LDL cholesterol level sufficiently to be effective as pharmaceuticals and, in particular for use as hypocholesterolemic agents. The individual Hoechst patent applications which disclose such bile acid transport inhibiting compounds are each separately listed below.
R1. Canadian Patent Application No. 2,025,294.
R2. Canadian Patent Application No. 2,078,588.
R3. Canadian Patent Application No. 2,085,782.
R4. Canadian Patent Application No. 2,085,830.
R5. EP Application No. 0 379 161.
R6. EP Application No. 0 549 967.
R7. EP Application No. 0 559 064.
R8. EP Application No. 0 563 731.
Selected benzothiepines are disclosed in world patent application number WO 93/321146 for numerous uses including fatty acid metabolism and coronary vascular diseases.
Other selected benzothiepines are known for use as hypolipaemic and hypocholesterolaemic agents, especially for the treatment or prevention of atherosclerosis as disclosed in application No. EP 508425. A French patent application, FR 2661676 discloses additional benzothiepines for use as hypolipaemic and hypocholesterolaemic agents. Furthermore, patent application no. WO 92/18462 lists other benzothiepines for use as hypolipaemic and hypocholesterolaemic agents. U.S. Pat. No. 5,994,391 (Lee et al.) Each of the benzothiepine hypolipaemic and hypocholesterolaemic agents described in these individual patent applications is limited by an amide bonded to the carbon adjacent the phenyl ring of the fused bicyclobenzothiepine ring.
Further benzothiepines useful for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia are disclosed in patent application no. PCT/US95/10863. More benzothiepines useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia as well as pharmaceutical compositions of such benzothiepines are described in PCT/US97/04076. Still further benzothiepines and compositions thereof useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia are described in U.S. application Ser. No. 08/816,065.
In vitro bile acid transport inhibition is disclosed to correlate with hypolipidemic activity in The Wellcome Foundation Limited disclosure of the Patent Application No. WO 93/16055 for “Hypolipidemic Benzothiazepine Compounds.” That publication describes a number of hypolipidemic benzothiazepine compounds. Additional hypolipidemic benzothiazepine compounds (particularly 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo-1-thi-4-azepine compounds) are disclosed in Patent Application No. WO 96/05188. A particularly useful benzothiazepine disclosed in WO 96/05188 is the compound of formula B-2. Further hypolipidemic benzothiazepine compounds are described in Patent Application No. WO 96/16051.
Other benzothiazepine compounds useful for control of cholesterol are described in PCT Patent Application No. WO 99/35135. Included in that description is the compound of formula B-7.
Further IBAT inhibitor compounds include a class of naphthalene compounds, described by T. Ichihashi et al. in
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,
284(1), 43-50 (1998). In this class, S-8921 (methyl 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-ethylvaleryl)-4-hydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy-2-naphthoate) is particularly useful. The structure of S-8921 is shown in formula B-20. Further naphthalene compounds or lignin derivatives useful for the treatment or prophylaxis of hyperlipidemia or atherosclerosis are described in PCT Patent Application No. WO 94/24087.
A class of materials which operates by another mechanism to lower LDL cholesterol comprises bile acid sequestering agents (“bile acid sequestrants” or “bile acid sequestering compounds”). Such agents are typically anion exchange polymers administered orally to a patient. As the agent passes through the gut, anions of bile acids are sequestered by the agent and excreted. Such sequestering has been speculated to prevent reabsorption by the gut, for example the ileum, causing the body to increase conversion of cholesterol into bile acids, and thereby decreasing serum cholesterol levels. One such bile acid sequestering agent is cholestyramine, a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer containing quaternary ammonium cationic groups capable of binding bile acids. It is believed that cholestyramine binds the bile acids in the intestinal tract, thereby interfering with their normal enterohepatic circulation. This effect is described by Reihnér et al., in “Regulation of hepatic cholesterol metabolism in humans: stimulatory effects of cholestyramine on HMG-CoA reductase activity and low density lipoprotein receptor expression in gallstone patients”, Journal of Lipid Research, 31, 2219-2226 (1990). Further description of this effect is found in Suckling et al. in “Cholesterol Lowering and bile acid excretion in the hamster with cholestyramine treatment”,
Atherosclerosis,
89, 183-90 (
Glenn Kevin C.
Keller Bradley T.
Schuh Joseph R.
Banner & Witcoff , Ltd.
G. D. Searle & Co.
Webman Edward J.
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