Chemistry: electrical and wave energy – Apparatus – Electrolytic
Patent
1995-08-28
1997-08-19
Bell, Bruce F.
Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
Apparatus
Electrolytic
204426, 204427, 422 94, 422 97, 422 98, 123672, 123674, 123693, 123697, G01H 2726
Patent
active
056584458
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This application is a 371 of PCT/EP94/00370 published Feb. 9, 1994.
The invention relates to a combination of a heated lambda probe with an abrupt or binary sensor characteristic and an additional heated lambda probe for determining the lambda value in a gas mixture, for example in exhaust, preferably from internal combustion engines.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Lambda probes are known (DE-A-41 09 560) and operate as binary lambda probes which merely determine whether the value above or below the lambda value is equal to one.
Since known lambda probes are subject to drift, i.e. the measured lambda values change during operation or as a result of aging, two-probe systems are known (DE-OS 24 44 334, DE-OS 223 04 622, U.S. Patent No. 4,739,614).
In addition, a combination composed of two probes is known (DE-A0-41 35 254), in which one probe is located upstream of the catalyst itself and the other is located beyond the catalyst in the flow direction, with one of the two probes serving to detect changes in the measurement behavior of the other and to compensate for them.
In the known combination composed of two lambda probes, however, errors occur because of the considerable distances between the two lambda probes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the invention is to improve the accuracy of the values measured by the known probe despite the drift that occurs.
According to the invention, therefore, the binary lambda probe, which undergoes a change in resistance at a lambda value of 1, and a second broadband lambda probe are located in direct proximity with one another. By this combination, the broadband lambda probe can be calibrated with the aid of a binary probe at a lambda value=1 in such fashion that the broadband lambda probe is calibrated for drift. It exhibits a broadband constantly changing resistance which is preferably linear in the range from lambda 0.8 to lambda 1.2. As a result of the high accuracy of the determination of the value of lambda in the vicinity of lambda=1, improved regulation of a motor, especially in dynamic operating states, can be achieved. The required high accuracy within a small measurement range can be achieved with the aid of the additional lambda probe used according to the invention. Oxygen-sensitive materials, one with an abrupt and the other with a broadband sensor characteristic, are applied to one sensor element, preferably in immediate proximity to one another, or to a common substrate which has the same temperature. The abrupt signal can be used to calibrate the broad band probe, which is preferably temperature regulated, exactly in every operating state. In addition, very rapid temperature fluctuations in the exhaust that usually cause error in the sensor signal when both sensor elements are on a common substrate with the same temperature, are compensated by the substrate being heated. In addition, as a result of their immediate proximity to one another, practically identical gas is measured in the gas mixture that would otherwise be concentrated differently over the flow range. Likewise it is possible to vary the working temperature on the common substrate to compensate for drift.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
One embodiment of the invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the drawing.
FIG. 1 shows two lambda probes on a substrate, in a top view;
FIG. 2 shows the substrate according to FIG. 1 in a top view;
FIGS. 3-6 show equivalent resistance diagrams of the components on the substrate according to FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 7 shows a resistance diagram showing the lambda value of the binary lambda probe; and
FIG. 8 is a resistance diagram showing the lambda value of the broadband lambda probe with a family of curves.
FIG. 1 shows substrate 10 in a top view in a schematic and partially cutaway form. A first broadband lambda probe 11 of known construction, a binary lambda probe 12, and a temperature sensor 13 are provided in a known manner in laminating technology using scree
Hafele Edelbert
Huber Jorg
Schonauer Ulrich
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