Chemistry: fertilizers – Processes and products – Organic material-containing
Patent
1996-08-13
1998-04-21
Lander, Ferris
Chemistry: fertilizers
Processes and products
Organic material-containing
71 29, 71 30, 71902, 71903, 71 27, C05C 1300
Patent
active
057413452
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This application is a 371 of PCT/DE95/00243 filed Feb. 20, 1995.
The present invention concerns combinations of active ingredients for inhibiting or controlling nitrification of ammonia in arable topsoil and subsoil. It is known that ammonia and ammonium compounds in soil are rapidly oxidized by bacterial action to form nitrites in intermediate stages, and ultimately to nitrates. Nitrate ions cannot be sorbed by the sorbing agents present in soil, and may thus be washed out, and cause eutrophication of ground water and surface runoff.
On the other hand, high concentrations of nitrites and nitrates in soil frequently lead to toxicologically questionable levels of nitrate enrichment in plants. Moreover, denitrification (chemical and bacterial reduction of nitrates in soil), particularly under anaerobic conditions, depletes nitrogen by reducing nitrates formed by nitrification processes to gaseous nitrogen compounds, largely nitrous oxide, which then escape and pollute the atmosphere.
It is also known that certain chemicals inhibit bacterial oxidation. For example, it has been proposed that substituted pyrazoles (U.S. Pat. No. 3,494,757, DD 133088), their salts (U.S. Pat. No. 367,735,690, JP 7247182), and other compounds, such as dicyanodiamide (DE 2702284, DE 2714601), guanyl thiocarbamide (JP 7301138), nitrapyrine (U.S. 3,424,754, SU 1085966), and thiadiazole (JP 730704, JP 7204964) be employed as nitrification inhibitors.
Combinations of active ingredients, such as pyrazole and dicyanodiamide (DD 222471), pyrazole and guanyl thiocarbamide (DD 247894), and dicyanodiamide and ammonium thiosulfate (DE 3714729), are known to inhibit nitrification.
These known compounds and combinations suffer from various types of problems. For some, the problem is their efficacies are too low or that the required dosages are extremely large, which may often lead to phytotoxicity occurring in cultivated plants, or to problems with residues in plants, particularly those having short vegetative cycles. High volatilities and low migration rates are frequently the cause of low efficacies and high levels of environmental pollution.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is identifying new combinations of active ingredients that do not suffer from these problems. In particular, the combinations of the present invention should be more effective and less expensive, and should have better behaviors in relation to residues and effectively eliminate phytotoxicity effects, due to dosages being much lower than if their active ingredients were employed alone.
Surprisingly, it has been found that combinations containing as their active ingredients thereof, and subsoil when applied jointly, and produce much better results than binary combinations of the same active ingredients (cf. Table 8), which, in turn, result in better potential utilization of the nitrogen of nitrogen fertilizers present in soil by plants, as well as better biomass yields.
The combinations of the present invention are ecologically superior and more cost effective.
They may be employed in mixing ratios ranging from 99:1 to 1:99 (DCD:X) and
They are preferentially applied in the form of suitably formulated solutions, suspensions, sprayable powders, or emulsion concentrates, either alone or in conjunction with solid or liquid, mineral or organic, amide and/or ammonia, fertilizers.
The combinations of the present invention may be applied prior to, along with, or subsequent to, fertilizers, and may or may not be applied in conjunction with other agrochemicals, such as herbicides, pesticides, growth regulators, or soft improvers, or with other agricultural measures.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
The following examples will serve to clarify the present invention, but shall not be construed as delimiting or imposing any restrictions on same.
EXAMPLES
The efficacies of the ternary combinations of active ingredients of the present invention were investigated in a series of model studies conducted on soil samples
REFERENCES:
patent: 4523940 (1985-06-01), Arndt et al.
patent: 5261939 (1993-11-01), Solansky et al.
Grabarse Margrit
Lang Sieghard
Michel Hans-Jurgen
Wozniak Hartmut
Feiereisen Henry M.
Lander Ferris
SKW Stickstoffwerke Piesteritz GmbH
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