Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Chemical reactor – Including solid – extended surface – fluid contact reaction...
Patent
1987-08-27
1989-03-21
Richman, Barry S.
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Chemical reactor
Including solid, extended surface, fluid contact reaction...
422211, 422212, 422213, 422214, 210268, 210290, B01J 802
Patent
active
048141470
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a reaction column intended for the treatment of a solution in contact with a static solid component, and, subsidiarily, the method of using such a column.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Reaction columns are known through which there can be passed a liquid component, referred to as solution, to be treated in contact with a solid static component which is generally divided into grains, such as a catalyst, a resin ion exchanger, molecular sieve or the like. Generally, such columns are formed of a vertical enclosure having orifices for the passage of the solution at its upper and lower ends. Such columns can only be of small diameter in order to avoid preferential flow in the center and neutral zones which do not fail to occur as soon as the diameter of the column becomes substantial as compared with its height and the diameters of its inlet and outlet orifices. The formation of neutral zones and, correlatively, of zones of preferential flow which are generally located in the center of the column is harmful since it causes, at the outlet, heterogeneous mixtures of solutions which have undergone the action of the static component to very different extents.
Such columns have rather thick walls in order to withstand the expansion of the solid component which can take place during the course of the treatment. This expansion of the static component is generally accompanied by a deformation of its grains, resulting in their dislocation and finally in an increase in the loss of head which opposes the circulation of the flow. In order to assure a sufficient velocity of flow, it is then necessary to increase the pressure to very high levels which constitutes a second technological brake on the possibilities of increasing the diameter of the column.
SUMMARY
The object of the present invention is to ovecome these drawbacks by imparting to the column a shape and proportions which, in cooperation with densimetric and granulometric characteristics of the solid components which it contains, permit a uniform percolation of the solution and a natural reclassification of the solid components in a situation of reverse passage.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a reaction column of the type intended for the passage of a liquid component, referred to as solution, which is to be treated in contact with a solid, static component divided into grains such as a catalyst, ion exchange resin, molecular sieve or the like. The column is formed essentially of a vertical enclosure comprising at least two passage orifices for said solution, one at its upper part and the other at its lower part. The characteristic is pressure prevailing in the lower part of the column is substantially equal to the height of charge of the solution in the upper part so that the flow of the solution through the static component results primarily from its gravity. This occurs because the lower part of the said enclosure is of a generally substantially conical shape, and because the inner volume of this conical part is partially filled with a mass of divided materials which are inert towards said solution. These materials are arranged in horizontal layers formed of particles of a size which increases in a discontinuous manner from their upper layer to their lower layer. The densities of the particles are at least equal to those of the static component or of the solution, and the density of the particles of the lower layers are at least equal to that of the upper layers.
Thus the particle size of the inert materials arranged in the conical part is coarser than that of the reactive static component and is coarser in each layer than that of the upper layer. Furthermore, the density of the inert materials is greater than that of the reactive static component and, within each layer, is greater than or equal to that of the layer which is above it. The relative increase of the interstitial voids thus compensates for the reduction in the cross section upon
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Laboratories Flork, S.A.
McMahon Timothy M.
Richman Barry S.
Robinson, Jr. Lee C.
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