Compositions – Fire retarding – For living matter
Reexamination Certificate
2000-12-29
2003-02-11
Medley, Margaret (Department: 1714)
Compositions
Fire retarding
For living matter
C601S018000, C601S018000, C601S018000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06517747
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed to aqueous fire retardant compositions containing an emulsified or suspended colorant. In particular, the present invention is directed to aqueous fire retardant compositions containing emulsified or suspended colorants produced by the emulsion or suspension polymerization of a monomer or a mixture of monomers in the presence of at least one dye.
The present invention is also directed to processes of preparing the fire retardant compositions, containing an emulsified or suspended colorant, wherein the colorants are produced by emulsion or suspension polymerization of a mixture of at least one monomer and at least one dye.
2. Related Background Art
A variety of fire retardant solutions are known. “Evaluation of Megatard 2700: A Proposed New Fire Retardant System”, C. W. George and C. W. Johnson, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experimental Station, General Technical Report INT-112, August 1981, describes a fire retardant system containing ammonium sulfate as the active fire retardant salt, a guar gum thickener, iron oxide as a colorant, a spoilage inhibitor, and corrosion inhibitors. In this case, the fire retardant composition is prepared by mixing the ammonium sulfate and the corrosion inhibitor to form a liquid component. The iron oxide, thickener, and spoilage inhibitor are mixed with water to form a slurry. The slurry and the liquid component are then mixed in equal volumes to form the mixed fire retardant which is then loaded onto an airplane and applied to a wildland fire. E. P. A. Artsybashev, V. G. Lorberbaum, T. G. Pirogova, and M. A. Potemin, 12 Lesnoe Khozyaistvo 43, 44 (1991) describes a fire retardant consisting of 30-37% diammonium phosphate, 16-20% urea, 8-10% ammonium chloride, 16-20% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 3-5% acid orange dye, and 7-20% kaolin. E. S. Artsybashev, V. G. Loberbaum, I. N. Sedina, T. G. Pirogova, and E. F. Davydov, 6 Lesnoe Khozyaistvo 40, 42 (1988) describes a fire retardant consisting of 62-75t diammonium phosphate, 23-35% urea, 2-3% sulphonol, and 0.5% acid dye applied as a 13% aqueous solution.
Phosphate solutions useful for fire-retardant compositions are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,223,649, 3,257,316, 3,275,566, 3,293,189, 3,338,829, 3,342,749, 3,350,305, 3,364,149, and 3,634,234. Other fire-retardant compositions containing various ammonium salts are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,309,324, 4,101,485, 4,145,296, and 4,272,414. Fire retardant compositions stabilized with galactomannan gum are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,447,336, 4,447,337, and 4,606,831. V. G. Lorberbaum, I. N. Sedina, E. E. Frolovskii, V. I. Fedorov and E. F. Davydov, 9 Lesnoe Khozyaistvo 59, 60 (1983) describes a fire retardant containing 90.2% hydrated magnesium chloride, 8.2-5.82% wetting agent, 1.25-0.89% corrosion inhibitor, and 1.25-0.89t light-resistant acid orange dye in powder form which is dissolved in water prior to application. E. A. Shchetinskii, A. M. Simskii, and E. F. Davydov, 5 Lesnoe Khozyaistvo 88 (1975) describes a fire retardant containing Rhodamine-S dye added to aqueous solutions of diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, or “ammophos”. Chemical Week, Mar. 28, 1979, at page 40, describes a fire retardant, PHOS-CHEK® XAF made by Monsanto Company (St. Louis, Mo.) which contains the active ingredient diammonium phosphate and a fugitive International Orange color that fades away after several days, as opposed to the permanent red iron oxide pigment previously used.
French Patent Publication No. FR 2172867 A describes fire extinguishing solutions that contain mono or diammonium phosphate, a solid surfactant, and a colorant. Russian Patent Publication No. RU 2022630 describes a unit for the preparation of fire extinguishing compounds. The unit contains a motor pump connected to an ejection mixer with the powder supplied from a bunker, and a static mixer in the output line.
Soviet Patent Publication No. SU 1544451 describes compositions for fighting forest fires from the air containing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride, urea, kaolin, and light fast acid orange as a dye. Soviet Patent Publication No. SU 15444450 describes compositions for fighting forest fires from the ground level containing urea, sulphonol, scarlet acid dye, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, and ammonium chloride. International Patent Publication No. WO 9322000 describes compositions for the prevention and the combatting of fires containing fiber/clay combinations, corrosion inhibitors, anti-cryptogamic agents, a dye, and cellulose based fibers.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,168,239 describes thixotropic emulsion concentrates, used to form fire suppressant foams for fire fighting, that contain oil, emulsifier, colorant, and an aqueous fire suppressant. U.S. Pat. No. 3,730,890 describes flame retardant concentrates formed from attapuglite clay suspended in liquid ammonium polyphosphate. U.S. Pat. No. 3,960,735 describes flame retardant polyphosphate compositions containing iron cyanide blue added to inhibit the corrosion of aluminum. The above U.S. patents are incorporated by reference herein.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,409,550 describes fire retardant compositions containing a mixture of ammonium sulfate and diammonium phosphate in an aqueous gel. Dyes such as Rhodamine B, azo red A, naphthol orange, and pigments may be added as a marking agent. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,839,065, 4,971,728, and 4,983,326 describe a fire retardant concentrate containing a thickening agent and a fire retardant. The diammonium phosphate, diammonium sulfate, and monoammonium phosphate blended with polyammonium phosphate are used as the fire retardant. The above U.S. patents are incorporated by reference herein.
Colorants are chemical substances added to materials to produce color effects. The colorants used in the present invention can be aqueous dispersions of a non-fluorescent pigment or of a fluorescent pigment as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,294,664 and 5,215,679. The above U.S. patents are incorporated by reference herein.
Although the term “fire retardant solution” is used herein, it is understood that such fire retardant liquid mixtures are not true solutions in which all of the components are dissolved to form a single homogenous liquid phase—without solid phases or other immiscible liquid phases present. It will be recognized that some of the components used may be essentially insoluble in the liquid components. That is, components such as iron oxide and titanium oxide, as well as some of the polymeric components, are insoluble in water. Nonetheless, the term “solution” will be used as well as the more physicochemically correct terms such as “fluid” or “liquid” because the term is commonly used in this art. Thus, the term “fire retardant solution” is used to mean the fire retardant composition formed by water and other liquid and/or solid components ready for application onto burning fuels.
The terms “dispersion” and “suspension,” as will be described below, are differentiated herein from “slurry”. Accordingly, phrases such as “dispersion solution,” “aqueous dispersion,” “aqueous suspension,” “suspension solution,” “suspension,” or “dispersion” are not interchangeable with “slurry solution,” or “slurry.”
It is conventional practice to add the components of a fire retardant solution, as a preformed concentrate, into water at a prescribed mix (dilution) ratio in order to form the fire retardant solution. There are conventionally three types of fire retardant concentrates—“dry-powder” concentrates, “fluid” concentrates, and “liquid” concentrates. “Dry-powder” type concentrates are simply dry mixtures of components that are mixed into water in order to form a fire retardant solution.
Mixtures of components are formed in accordance with the teachings of U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,839,065, 4,971,728 and 4,983,326 to prepare low viscosity fire retardant concentrates which are referred to as “fluid concentrates”. The fluid concentrate type fire retardants are delivered to the mixing or di
Amos Ahaji K.
Astaris LLC
Medley Margaret
Thompson & Coburn LLP
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