Coil arrangement for transcranial magnetic stimulation

Surgery – Magnetic field applied to body for therapy – Electromagnetic coil

Reexamination Certificate

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C600S411000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06179771

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a coil arrangement for transcranial magnetic stimulation of the type having several individual coils with respective individual current terminals, the coils being mounted in a support element.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In the article by Tomas Paus, Robert Jech, Christopher J. Thompson, Roch Comeau, Terry Peters and Alan C. Evans entitled “Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation during Positron Emission Tomography: A New Method for Studying Connectivity of the Human Cerebral Cortex,” which appeared in The Journal of Neuroscience, May 1, 1997, vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 3178-3184, a method is specified that enables a mapping of neuronal connections in the brain. By means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a neural activity is triggered at a limited location of the brain surface whose function is known. A small coil with a figure-8 conductor configuration is placed at the location of interest—e.g., somewhat above the scalp in the region of the frontal eye area—and a sequence of short magnetic pulses with a magnitude of approximately 1.5 Tesla is applied by feeding in current pulses into the coil. Subsequently, the neuronal response of the brain at other locations is acquired using an imaging method, e.g. by positron emission tomography (PET). If the location of stimulation is the region of the frontal eye area, the response to this stimulation is acquired at the primary visual cortex using PET. In this way, findings concerning the spatial and temporal interconnectedness of brain functions (connectivity) can be obtained.
The TMS coil arrangement specified in this article must be positioned at the desired location. If the stimulation location is to be modified, this requires a new positioning by attending personnel. Due to the time-consuming and thus expensive activity which is necessary given a variation of the location of stimulation, the clinical possibilities for using this known arrangement. Moreover, since the field distribution of the magnetic field is predetermined by the geometry of the coil, additional TMS coil arrangements must be provided if a stimulation with other field profiles is to take place. In addition, the method has only limited availability, due to the imaging by means of PET.
In European Application 0 655 261, an apparatus is specified that is applied externally to the surface of the head as a treatment for delaying the falling out of hair and stimulating hair growth. Several generator elements for the production of electromagnetic waves are arranged on a helmet-like or hat-like components. The effective frequency range is between 10 Hz and 100 Hz and the effective intensity range is between 1 Gauss and 100 Gauss (1 Gauss=0.1 mT). The generator elements are connected with a power generator via respective separate lines.
From European Application 0 148 566, a helmet-like head antenna for magnetic resonance examinations is known. The head antenna is formed by at least one radio-frequency coil that is shaped convexly and/or concavely. The head antenna can thereby be adapted closely to the body part to be examined.
Another arrangement of the type described above is known from European Application 0 709 115. Several coils are arranged on a helmet-like support element. The coils themselves can be driven individually.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,284,144 specifies a combination of a hyperthermia apparatus with a magnetic resonance antenna. The temperature of the heated tissue is monitored via the magnetic resonance antenna. With a connected control unit, the hyperthermia apparatus is controlled so that a predetermined temperature is held constant in the tissue.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a coil arrangement for transcranial magnetic stimulation that avoids the disadvantages of the known TMS coil arrangements and that is more flexible and time-efficient in application.
The above object is achieved in accordance with the principles of the present invention in a coil arrangement for transcranial magnetic stimulation wherein the individual coils, employed for transcranial magnetic stimulation, are mounted in a unitary structural unit together with a radio-frequency head antenna.
Advantages of the inventive combination include, first, the ability to individually drive the respective coils, thereby allowing arbitrary profiling of the magnetic field. Thus, for example, by means of opposite excitation of adjacent coils a figure-8-shaped coil arrangement can be reproduced. At the same time, it is possible, without having to reposition the coil arrangement itself, to trigger a magnetic stimulation at various locations on the surface of the brain by means of corresponding activation of adjacent individual coils. In addition, the structural unity of the individual coils with the radio-frequency head antenna achieves a high signal-to-noise ratio during a (functional) magnetic resonance imaging, while still producing the desired coupling of the magnetic fields produced by the individual coils to the location of stimulation. Local coupling-in of radio-frequency fields during the magnetic resonance imaging procedure is avoided by means of known decoupling measures.
In one embodiment the support element is of rigid construction. A fixed geometrical allocation of the individual coils is thereby set, and in addition the forces that act on the coil conductors due to the high magnetic fields can be intercepted.
A position marker can be allocated to each individual coil, this marker comprising an imaging substance. In the corresponding imaging method, the position markers produce a visible mark in the image, and thus enable identification and location of the stimulating individual coils.
The marker substance can be of a type detectable by means of magnetic resonance technology. With the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as an imaging method, it is thereby also possible to represent the position of the individual coils.


REFERENCES:
patent: 435343 (1890-08-01), Brown
patent: 1164356 (1915-12-01), Kaiser
patent: 3658051 (1972-04-01), MacLean
patent: 5284144 (1994-02-01), Delannoy et al.
patent: 5595564 (1997-01-01), Pina
patent: 6029082 (2000-02-01), Srinivasan et al.
patent: 0 148 566 (1985-07-01), None
patent: 0 655 261 (1995-05-01), None
patent: 0 709 115 (1996-05-01), None
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation during Positron Emission Tomography: A New Method for Studying Connectivity of the Human Cerebral Cortex, Paus et al., The Journal of Neuroscience, May 1, 1997, 17 (9): 31 pp. 3178-3184.

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