Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – At least one aryl ring which is part of a fused or bridged...
Reexamination Certificate
2003-06-09
2004-10-12
Lu, Caixia (Department: 1713)
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
At least one aryl ring which is part of a fused or bridged...
C525S100000, C525S102000, C525S474000, C525S476000, C528S026000, C528S028000, C528S029000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06803408
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Certain embodiments of the present invention are directed to compositions comprising at least one polysiloxane comprising at least one reactive functional group, and a plurality of particles. Embodiments of the present invention also are directed to compositions comprising at least one polysiloxane comprising at least one reactive functional group, at least one reactant comprising at least one functional group that is reactive with at least one functional group selected from the at least one functional group of the at least one polysiloxane and at least one functional group of the at least one reactant, and a plurality of particles. Other embodiments of the present invention are directed to substrates coated with the aforementioned compositions. Further embodiments of the present invention are directed to methods for improving scratch resistance of a substrate. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that specific embodiments of the present invention may be directed to some or all of these aspects of the present invention as well as other desirable aspects.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Color-plus-clearcoating systems involving the application of a colored or pigmented basecoat to a substrate followed by application of a transparent or clearcoat over at least a portion of the basecoat have become increasingly popular as original finishes for a number of consumer products including, for example, automotive vehicles. The color-plus-clearcoating systems have outstanding appearance properties such as gloss and distinctness of image, due in large part to the clearcoat. Such color-plus-clearcoating systems have become popular for use with automotive vehicles, aerospace applications, floor coverings such as ceramic tiles and wood flooring, packaging coatings and the like.
Topcoat film-forming compositions, particularly those used to form the transparent clearcoat in color-plus-clearcoating systems for automotive applications, are subject to defects that occur during the assembly process as well as damage from numerous environmental elements. Such defects during the assembly process include paint defects in the application or curing of the basecoat or the clearcoat. Damaging environmental elements include acidic precipitation, exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight, high relative humidity and high temperatures, defects due to contact with objects causing scratching of the coated surface, and defects due to impact with small, hard objects resulting in chipping of the coating surface.
Typically, a harder more highly crosslinked film may exhibit improved scratch resistance, but it is less flexible and much more susceptible to chipping or thermal cracking due to embrittlement of the film resulting from a high crosslink density. A softer, less crosslinked film, while not prone to chipping or thermal cracking, is susceptible to scratching, waterspotting, and acid etch due to a low crosslink density of the cured film.
Further, elastomeric automotive parts and accessories, for example, elastomeric bumpers and hoods, are typically coated “off site” and shipped to automobile assembly plants. The coating compositions applied to such elastomeric substrates are typically formulated to be very flexible so the coating can bend or flex with the substrate without cracking. To achieve the requisite flexibility, coating compositions for use on elastomeric substrates often are formulated to produce coatings with lower crosslink densities or to include flexibilizing adjuvants which act to lower the overall film glass transition temperature (Tg). While acceptable flexibility properties can be achieved with these formulating techniques, they also can result in softer films that are susceptible to scratching. Consequently, great expense and care must be taken to package the coated parts to prevent scratching of the coated surfaces during shipping to automobile assembly plants.
A number of patents teach the use of a coating comprising a dispersion of colloidal silica in an alcohol-water solution of a partial condensate of a silanol of the formula RSi(OH)
3
wherein at least 70 weight percent of the partial condensate is the partial condensate of CH
3
Si(OH)
3
. Representative, nonlimiting examples are U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,986,997, 4,027,073, 4,239,738, 4,310,600 and 4,410,594.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,822,828 teaches the use of a vinyl functional silane in an aqueous, radiation curable, coating composition which comprises: (a) from 50 to 85 percent, based on the total weight of the dispersion, of a vinyl functional silane, (b) from 15 to 50 percent, based on the total weight of the dispersion of a multifunctional acrylate, and (c) optionally, from 1 to 3 weight percent of a photoinitiator. The vinyl-functional silane is the partial condensate of silica and a silane, such that at least sixty percent of the silane is a vinyl-functional silane conforming to the formula (R)
a
Si(R′)
b
(R″)
c
wherein R is allyl or vinyl functional alkyl; R′ is hydrolyzable alkoxy or methoxy; R″ is non-hydrolyzable, saturated alkyl, phenyl, or siloxy, such that a+b+c=4; and a≧1; b≧1; c≧0. The patent discloses that these coating compositions may be applied to plastic materials and cured by exposure to ultraviolet or electron beam irradiation to form a substantially clear, abrasion resistant layer.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,154,759 teaches a polish formulation comprising a reactive amine functional silicone polymer and at least one other ingredient normally used in polish formulations. One such ingredient disclosed in the patent is an abrasive, which is taught to be aluminum silicate, diatomaceous earth, pumice, fuller's earth, bentonite, silica, tripoli, hydrated calcium silicate, chalk, colloidal clay, magnesium oxide, red iron oxide, or tin oxide.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,686,012 describes modified particles comprising inorganic colored or magnetic particles as core particles, and at least one polysiloxane modified with at least one organic group which is coated on the surfaces of the core particles. The patent also discloses a water based paint comprising a paint base material and the modified particles as the pigment as well as a process for producing the modified particles.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,853,809 discloses clearcoats in color-plus-clear systems which have improved scratch resistance due to the inclusion in the coating composition of inorganic particles such as colloidal silicas which have been surface modified with a reactive coupling agent via covalent bonding.
Despite recent improvements in color-plus-clearcoating systems, there remains a need in the automotive coatings art for topcoats having good initial scratch resistance as well as enhanced retained scratch resistance without embrittlement of the film due to high crosslink density. Moreover, it would be advantageous to provide topcoats for elastomeric substrates utilized in the automotive industry which are both flexible and resistant to scratching.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to compositions formed from components comprising:
(a) at least one polysiloxane comprising at least one reactive functional group, the at least one polysiloxane comprising at least one of the following structural units (I):
R
1
n
R
2
m
SiO
(4−n−m)/2
(I)
wherein each R
1
, which may be identical or different, represents H, OH, a monovalent hydrocarbon group or a monovalent siloxane group; each R
2
, which may be identical or different, represents a group comprising at least one reactive functional group; wherein m and n fulfill the requirements of 0<n<4, 0<m<4 and 2≦(m+n)<4;
(b) at least one reactant comprising at least one functional group that is reactive with at least one functional group selected from the at least one functional group of the at least one polysiloxane and at least one functional group of the at least one reactant; and
(c) a plurality of particles selected from inorganic particles, composite particles, and m
Anderson Lawrence G.
Barkac Karen A.
DeSaw Shawn A.
Hartman Marvis E.
Hayes Deborah E.
Altman Deborah M.
Lu Caixia
PPG Industries Ohio Inc.
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