Coated enzyme preparation for detergents and cleaning formulatio

Details Coated enzyme preparation for detergents and cleaning formulatio Coated enzyme preparation for detergents and cleaning formulatio

1996-03-05

1998-02-17

Lieberman, Paul

Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces, auxiliary compositions

Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing

Enzyme component of specific activity or source

510530, 510226, 510320, 510474, 435188, C11D 3386, C11D 168, C11D 340

Patent

active

057191158

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to enzyme granules, to a process for their production and to their use in solid detergents and cleaning formulations.
2. Discussion of Related Art
Enzymes, especially proteases, are widely used in detergents, washing aids and cleaning products. Normally, the enzymes are not used as concentrates, but rather in the form of mixtures with a diluent/carrier material. If enzyme preparations of this type are added to conventional detergents, a considerable reduction in enzyme activity can occur during storage, especially if bleaching-active compounds are present. Application of the enzymes to carrier salts and simultaneous granulation in accordance with DE-OS 16 17 190 or by adhesion using nonionic surfactants in accordance with DE-OS 16 17 118 or aqueous solutions of cellulose ethers in accordance with DE-OS 17 87 568 does not lead to a significant improvement in storage stability because the sensitive enzymes are generally situated on the surface of the carrier in mixtures of the type in question. Although the stability of the enzymes in storage can be significantly increased by coating the enzymes with or encapsulating them in the carrier material and converting them into the required particle form by extrusion, pressing and marumerizing, as described for example in DE-PS 16 17 232, in DE-OS 20 32 768 and in DE-ASS 21 37 042 and 21 37 043, corresponding enzyme preparations have poor solubility properties. The undissolved particles can become caught up in and thus soil the washing or pass into the wastewater without being used. Although the encapsulating compositions known from DE-OS 18 03 099, which consist of a mixture of solid acids or acidic salts and carbonates or bicarbonates and which disintegrate on addition of water, improve the solubility of the enzyme preparations, they are extremely sensitive to moisture and, accordingly, require additional protective measures.
EP 168 526 describes enzyme granules which contain water-swellable starch, zeolite and a water-soluble granulation aid. This document proposes a production process for such formulations which essentially comprises concentrating a fermenter solution freed from insoluble constituents, introducing the additives mentioned, granulating the resulting mixture and optionally coating the granules with film-forming polymers and dyes. The process using the additive mixture proposed therein is advantageously carried out with fermentation solutions which have been concentrated to a relatively high dry matter content, for example of 55% by weight. In addition, the granules thus produced have such a high dissolving or disintegration rate under washing conditions that some of them even disintegrate relatively quickly during storage and the enzymes are deactivated.
International patent application WO 92/11347 describes enzyme granules for use in granular detergents and cleaning compositions which contain 2% by weight to 20% by weight of enzyme, 10% by weight to 50% by weight of swellable starch, 5% by weight to 50% by weight of water-soluble organic polymer as granulation aid, 10% by weight to 35% by weight of cereal flour and 3% by weight to 12% by weight of water. These additives enable the enzyme to be processed without significant losses of activity.
International patent application WO 93/07263 describes enzyme-containing granules consisting of a water-soluble or water-dispersible core coated with a vinyl polymer to which a layer of enzyme and vinyl polymer is applied, the granules being externally coated with vinyl polymer. The outer coating may also contain pigments. Unfortunately, the multilayer structure of these enzyme granules makes them relatively difficult to produce.
International patent application WO 93/07260 describes various coating materials for dust-free enzyme granules which are produced by spraying of a fermentation broth onto a hydratable carrier material. Fatty acid esters, alkoxylated alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, sugar and starch inter al

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