Cleanser

Details Cleanser Cleanser

2000-11-29

2003-01-14

Gupta, Yogendra N. (Department: 1751)

Cleaning and liquid contact with solids

Processes

Oils, grease, tar, or wax removal, by dissolving

C134S025200, C134S025300, C134S038000, C134S039000, C134S042000, C510S130000, C510S138000, C510S174000, C510S238000, C510S239000, C510S240000, C510S365000, C510S441000, C510S468000, C424S452000, C424S455000, C424S450000, C424S420000, C424S490000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06506262

ABSTRACT:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention generally relates to the field of cleansers, cleansing products, or processes of making cleansers.
BACKGROUND
Liposomes or lipid vesicles are closed bilayer structures. The bilayer structure includes two membranes. Each membrane has a polar end and a nonpolar end. The membranes in the bilayer may either have their polar ends or nonpolar ends in an abutting relation. There are many uses for these structures, such as adjuvants and carriers for the transportation of encapsulated drugs or biologically-active substances.
Often, a lipid vesicle is classified into three groups by size and structure: large unilamellar vesicle (hereinafter may be referred to as “LUV”), small unilamellar vesicle (hereinafter may be referred to as “SUV”), and multilamellar vesicle (hereinafter may be referred to as “MLV”). LUV may have a diameter greater than about 1 micron and may be formed of a lipid bilayer surrounding a large, unstructured aqueous phase. SUV may be similar in structure to the LUV except their diameters may be less than about 0.2 micron. A MLV may have an onion-like structure having a series of substantially spherical shells formed of lipid bilayers interspersed with aqueous layers. LUV, SUV, and MLV structures may be manufactured by various mechanisms, including those described in “LIPOSOMES—Potential for Commercial Application”, by Dr. Norman D. Weiner, presented at the Emulsion-Suspension Technology Conference, Oct. 20-23, 1997, at New Brunswick, N.J.
A fourth type of lipid vesicle, which may be particularly well suited for transport of either lipids or aqueous materials, is a paucilamellar vesicle (hereinafter may be referred to as “PLV”). This type of vesicle may have an external structure of about two to about eight peripheral lipid bilayers with a large, unstructured aqueous center. Liquid droplets, such as oil, may be suspended in the center, leading to very high uptake of non-aqueous or lipophilic materials. The paucilamellar vesicle may range from about 2 to about 15 micron in diameter. Methods of making PLV are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,911,928 to Wallach, issued Mar. 27, 1990.
Besides being used as medical delivery devices, liposomes, particularly PLVs, may be used as cleansers. These cleansers may be used to remove oil and/or dirt from surfaces, such as skin. Desirably, these liposomes encapsulate a non-aqueous solution and are applied to a surface. Agitation, such as rubbing ones hands, may break the liposomes freeing the non-aqueous solution. Afterwards, the liposomes may reform encapsulating the oil and dirt. The freed non-aqueous solution may aid in removing the liposomes from the surface.
Unfortunately, these cleansers suffer several disadvantages. Although liposomes may be used as cleansers for various organic contaminates, they may not be adequate for some contaminates, such as those present in the paint and printing industry. Furthermore, liposomes may benefit the skin by replacing natural oils lost during the cleansing process. Removing the liposomes after cleansing probably deprives the skin of this benefit. Also, the conventional wisdom is that no more than 40 weight percent cleansing solvent may be loaded into the premade PLVs. This solvent loading ceiling may limit the amount of added solvent to the liposomes, thereby impeding subsequent cleaning. Moreover, it is believed that as the PLV ages, the amount of solvent loaded into the PLV will be reduced. Currently, it is recommended loading PLVs with solvent within a week of the PLVs manufacture date, or ideally, during the PLV manufacturing process. This time constraint may limit manufacturing flexibility, and also result in waste of materials.
Accordingly, a liposome cleanser that increases use and manufacture versatility, acts as skin moisturizer, and improves manufacturing efficiencies, will improve over conventional liposome cleansers.
DEFINITIONS
As used herein, the term “include” refers to a part or parts of a whole, but does not exclude other parts. The term “include” may have the same meaning and may be interchanged with the terms “comprise” and “have”.
As used herein, the term “cleanser” refers to a substance, such as a liquid, suspension, or powder, used to free foreign or extraneous matter. Cleanser examples include soaps, detergents, solvents, and liposomal cleansers. A liposomal cleanser may include a liposome having an aqueous center that entrains a solvent.
As used herein, the term “carrier” refers to a liquid substance that supports another substance. In addition, a carrier may have other properties, such as cleaning properties, and particularly, may act as a surfactant.
As used herein, the term “cleansing product” refers to a product having a cleanser and a carrier.
As used herein, the term “liposome” means a closed lamellar vesicle that forms in aqueous suspensions of various lipids or lipid mixtures. The term “liposome” may have the same meaning and may be interchanged with the term “lipid vesicle”. Liposome examples include large unilamellar vesicles, multilamellar vesicles, paucilamellar vesicles, small unilamellar vesicles, reverse phase evaporation vesicles, French press vesicles, and ether injection vesicles. Products incorporating liposomes include adjuvants, drug carriers, and cleansers. The following references disclose methods and/or apparatuses for manufacturing liposomes: “LIPOSOMES—Potential for Commercial Application”, by Dr. Norman D. Weiner, presented at the Emulsion-Suspension Technology Conference, Oct. 20-23, 1997, at New Brunswick, N.J.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,911,928 to Wallach, issued Mar. 27, 1990; U.S. Pat. No. 4,855,090 to Wallach, issued Aug. 8, 1989; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,895,452 to Yiournas et al., issued Jan. 23, 1990.
As used herein, the term “vesicle” means a small, thin-walled bladderlike cavity, typically filled with fluid.
As used herein, the term “manufactured” means to have made a material functional for its intended purpose. Manufactured does not mean any subsequent commercial steps, such as packaging or bottling.
As used herein, the term “isoprenoid” means substances that include isoprene units of the chemical formula C
5
H
8
. Isoprenoids include terpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and triterpenes. Isoprenoids may be extracted from plants such as cloves, roses, lavender, citronella, eucalyptus, peppermint, camphor, sandalwood, cedar, and turpentine.
As used herein, the term “ester” refers to a substance formed by the bonding of an alcohol and an organic acid. Ester examples include animal fats, such as stearic acid, and fragrances, such as isopentyl acetate or octyl acetate.
As used herein, the term “dibasic ester” refers to an ester containing two hydrogens that may be replaced by a monovalent metal or radical. Examples of dibasic esters include dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate, and dimethyl succinate.
As used herein, the term “solvent” refers to a material that dissolves another substance while not changing its physical state. The solvent does not have to be the majority component of the resultant solution. Examples of solvents include synthetic and natural hydrocarbons. Synthetic and natural hydrocarbons may include dibasic esters, terpenes, mixtures of isoprenoid and mineral oil substances, naphthas, glycol ethers, parrafinic and isoparrafinic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum distillates, vegetable oils, animal oils, organic halides, halogenated solvents, and alcohols. Terpenes may include d-limonene and the dibasic esters may include dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate, and dimethyl succinate.
As used herein, the term “large unilamellar vesicle” refers to a lipid bilayer surrounding a large, unstructured aqueous phase and having a diameter greater than about 1 micron. The term “large unilamellar vesicle” may be abbreviated as “LUV” and a plurality of large unilamellar vesicles may be abbreviated as “LUVs”.
FIG. 1
is a schematic illustration of an exemplary LUV
10
. The LUV
10
may include an amorphous center
20
and a bilayer
30
.
As used herein, the term “small unilamellar vesicle” refers t

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