Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces – auxiliary compositions – Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing – For cleaning a specific substrate or removing a specific...
Patent
1997-01-30
1999-02-16
Fries, Kery
Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces, auxiliary compositions
Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing
For cleaning a specific substrate or removing a specific...
510320, 510321, 510392, 510393, 510530, 134 42, 8137, C11D 3386
Patent
active
058720910
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to the use of enzymes in cleaning applications, especially in household cleaning applications. For this purpose it is known to use, for example, proteases, lipases, amylases and cellulases.
However, these enzymes are incapable of removing all kinds of dirt, soil or stains present on or in textiles, on kitchenware, etc., as are synthetic detergents and other components of cleaning compositions known in the art.
For instance, stains of e.g. vegetable origin are not sufficiently removed by current detergents, if at all. Usually detergents comprise a bleaching agent which, through oxidative reactions, decolourizes the stains, but does not remove them.
Moreover, these bleaching agents may cause damage to the object to be cleaned, especially when it has to be cleaned often.
Stains are usually defined as intensively colored substances that color a fabric even when they are present in very small amounts on fibers and resist removal by detergents alone (Cutler WG, Kissa E, 1987, Detergency, theory and technology, Chapter 1, p 1-90).
A common type of stain originates from vegetable materials including the associated pigments. Examples of such stains are grass, vegetables such as spinach, beetroot, carrot, tomatoes, fruits such as all types of cherries and berries, peach, apricot, mango, bananas and grapes as well as stains from drinks derived from plant material, such as wine, beer, fruit juices and additionally tomato sauce, jellies, etc.
Pigments in these vegetable materials are usually associated with the fibrous materials which are a major part of the plant cell walls, either via covalent bonds or via physical binding ("sticking"). Removal of these pigments can be very difficult, since detergents can barely remove the fibre-pigment mass from a surface to be cleaned. Recent research has shown that plant cell walls consist of a complicated network of fibrous materials. The composition of the cell walls varies considerably, depending on the source of the vegetable material. However, in general its composition can be summarized as mainly comprising non-starch polysaccharides. These polysaccharides can be found in various forms: cellulose, hemicellulose and pectins.
The composition of a plant cell wall is both complex and variable. Polysaccharides are mainly found in the form of long chains of cellulose (the main structural component of the plant cell wall), hemicellulose (comprising e.g. various .beta.-xylan chains) and pectin. The occurrence, distribution and structural features of plant cell wall polysaccharides are determined by: 1.plant species; 2. variety; 3. tissue type; 4. growth conditions; and 5. ageing (Chesson (1987), Recent Advances in Animal Food Nutrition, Haresign on Cole, eds.). Butterworth, London, 71-89).
Basic differences exist between monocotyledons (e.g. cereals and grasses) and dicotyledons (e.g. clover, rapeseed and soybean) and between the seed and vegetative parts of the plant (Carre' and Brillouet (1986), Science and Food Agric. 37, 341-351). Monocotyledons are characterized by the presence of an arabinoxylan complex as the major hemicellulose backbone. The main structure of hemicellulose in dicotyledons is a xyloglucan complex. Moreover, higher pectin concentrations are found in dicotyledons than in monocotyledons. Seeds are generally very high in pectic substances, but relatively low in cellulosic material. Three more or less interacting polysaccharide structures can be distinguished in the cell wall: point of attachment for the individual cells to one another within the plant tissue matrix. The middle lamella consists primarily of calcium salts of highly esterified pectins; well-organized structure of cellulose microfibrils embedded in an amorphous matrix of pectin, hemicellulose, phenolic esters and proteins;
During the plant's growth and ageing phase, cellulose microfibrils, hemicellulose and lignin are deposited.
Until the present invention there was no detergent or other cleaning agent available capable of breaking down the complex fibrous structure or gel-like
Cuperus Roelck A.
Herweijer Margareta A.
Van Ooijen Albert J.J.
Van Schouwen Dick J.
Fries Kery
Genencor International Inc.
Stone Christopher L.
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