Circuit for generating accurate voltage levels below substrate v

Details Circuit for generating accurate voltage levels below substrate v Circuit for generating accurate voltage levels below substrate v

1994-11-21

1996-06-18

Heyman, John S.

Miscellaneous active electrical nonlinear devices, circuits, and

Specific identifiable device, circuit, or system

With specific source of supply or bias voltage

327535, 327563, H03K 301

Patent

active

055281931

ABSTRACT:
A simple operational amplifier is coupled to a pair of resistors such that a positive reference voltage is reliably converted to a negative voltage. The op amp includes a differential pair of pnp transistors to which is connected a npn transistor connected as an emitter follower. The op amp is constructed and operated such that the bases of the pnp transistors and the collector of the npn transistor never fall below ground voltage.

REFERENCES:
patent: 3523198 (1967-11-01), Keller
patent: 3961208 (1976-06-01), Khanna
patent: 4451747 (1984-05-01), Rucker, III
patent: 4700125 (1987-10-01), Takata et al.
patent: 4705966 (1987-11-01), Van Zanten
patent: 4727332 (1988-02-01), Bundy
patent: 4736153 (1988-04-01), Kogan
patent: 5041795 (1991-08-01), Bowers
patent: 5047707 (1991-09-01), Dixon et al.
patent: 5140181 (1992-08-01), Yoshino

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